Intracellular signal transduction of BMP9 and BMP2 in MC3T3-E1 cells. A) After serum starvation for 4 h, MC3T3-E1 cells were stimulated with BMP2 or BMP9 (50 ng/ml) for the indicated minutes. Cell lysates were analyzed with the indicated antibodies by Western blotting. B) Protein phosphorylation ratios of GSK3-β (pGSK3-β/GSK3-β), Akt (pAkt/Akt), SMAD1/5 (pSMAD1/5 divided by the β-actin protein level), and ERK (pERK/ERK) were photographically measured. Fold induction of phosphorylation levels (the phosphorylation level of unstimulated cells was set as 1) calculated for BMP9 and BMP2 stimulation was shown as graphs. Additionally, the protein expression level of β-catenin was photographically measured (β-catenin/β-actin). Fold induction of β-catenin protein expression (the protein expression level of unstimulated cells was set as 1) calculated for BMP9 and BMP2 stimulations were shown as a graph. P, phosphorylated.