Table 3. Estimated 20-Year Change in Cognitive Function by Tertile of Diet Pattern.
| Change or Model | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P Value for Trenda |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Western Diet Score | ||||
| Participants, No. | 4553 | 4541 | 4494 | |
| Change in z score | −1.04 (−1.09 to −0.99) | −0.97 (−1.02 to −0.92) | −0.91 (−0.98 to −0.85) | <.001 |
| Model 1b,c | [Reference] | 0.03 (−0.01 to 0.08) | 0.04 (−0.02 to 0.10) | .17 |
| Model 2b,d | [Reference] | 0.03 (−0.02 to 0.07) | 0.03 (−0.03 to 0.08) | .37 |
| Prudent Diet Score | ||||
| Participants, No. | 4541 | 4536 | 4511 | |
| Change in z score | −0.92 (−0.97 to −0.87) | −0.98 (−1.04 to −0.93) | −1.02 (−1.08 to −0.96) | <.001 |
| Model 1b,c | [Reference] | −0.01 (−0.06 to 0.04) | −0.03 (−0.08 to 0.02) | .24 |
| Model 2b,d | [Reference] | −0.01 (−0.05 to 0.04) | −0.01 (−0.06 to 0.04) | .60 |
a
A linear trend was tested across the dietary tertiles using the median score of each tertile modeled as a continuous variable.
b
Difference of changes in z score compared with the first tertile.
c
Model 1 adjusted for age, age squared, sex, education, race–field center, and total calories.
d
Model 2 adjusted for model 1 and apolipoprotein E ε4 status, alcohol use history, smoking history, activity level, body mass index, total cholesterol, prevalent coronary heart disease, and history of hypertension, diabetes, and stroke.