Table 1. Trends in Current Measured BMI and Weight; Adjusted, Prior-Year, Self-reported Weight; Weight Loss Attempts; and Weight Loss Strategies Among Adults in the United States, 1999-2000 to 2015-2016a.
| Characteristic | 1999-2000 (n = 4597) | 2001-2002 (n = 5094) | 2003-2004 (n = 4808) | 2005-2006 (n = 4643) | 2007-2008 (n = 5878) | 2009-2010 (n = 6150) | 2011-2012 (n = 5503) | 2013-2014 (n = 5704) | 2015-2016 (n = 5649) | P for Trendb | 2015-2016 vs 1999-2000, Difference (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | |||||||||||
| Current measured BMI, No. (%) | 4117 (89.6) | 4413 (86.6) | 4431 (92.2) | 4356 (93.8) | 5550 (94.4) | 5926 (96.4) | 5181 (94.1) | 5455 (95.6) | 5337 (94.5) | NA | NA |
| Mean (95% CI) | 27.96 (27.47 to 28.4) | 28.01 (27.68 to 28.33) | 28.20 (27.87 to 28.50) | 28.54 (28.05 to 29.03) | 28.54 (28.21 to 28.80) | 28.71 (28.45 to 28.90) | 28.71 (28.27 to 29.16) | 29.16 (28.80 to 29.53) | 29.39 (28.84 to 29.90) | <.001 | 1.20 (0.92 to 1.47) |
| Current measured weight, No. (%) | 4130 (89.4) | 4508 (88.5) | 4448 (92.5) | 4371 (94.1) | 5560 (94.6) | 5935 (96.5) | 5193 (94.4) | 5468 (95.9) | 5341 (94.5) | NA | NA |
| Mean (95% CI), kg | 79.88 (78.50 to 81.27) | 80.30 (79.32 to 81.28) | 80.98 (80.00 to 81.90) | 81.77 (80.27 to 83.27) | 81.68 (80.53 to 82.80) | 82.05 (81.20 to 82.90) | 81.82 (80.73 to 82.72) | 83.02 (82.11 to 83.93) | 83.34 (81.75 to 84.90) | <.001 | 2.77 (1.92 to 3.61) |
| Adjusted, self-reported, prior-year weight, No. (%) | 4062 (88.4) | 4656 (91.4) | 4464 (92.8) | 4353 (93.8) | 5507 (93.7) | 5843 (95.0) | 5149 (93.6) | 5414 (94.9) | 5299 (93.8) | NA | NA |
| Mean (95% CI), kg | 80.35 (79.09 to 81.60) | 80.58 (79.50 to 81.66) | 81.54 (80.49 to 82.50) | 82.20 (80.89 to 83.51) | 81.99 (80.85 to 83.10) | 82.15 (81.22 to 83.00) | 82.20 (80.98 to 83.41) | 82.88 (81.73 to 84.03) | 83.33 (81.80 to 84.80) | <.001 | 2.36 (1.52 to 3.21) |
| Difference between current and self-reported prior-year weight, No. (%) | 4013 (87.3) | 4444 (87.2) | 4392 (91.3) | 4280 (92.2) | 5420 (92.2) | 5789 (94.1) | 5088 (92.5) | 5360 (94.0) | 5238 (92.7) | NA | NA |
| Unadjusted self-reported weight, mean (95% CI), kg | 1.14 (0.74 to 1.53) | 0.76 (0.49 to 1.03) | 0.55 (0.13 to 0.97) | 0.54 (0.08 to 1.01) | 0.65 (0.33 to 0.97) | 0.70 (0.44 to 0.97) | 0.26 (–0.09 to 0.61) | 0.67 (0.18 to 1.15) | 0.53 (0.07 to 1.00) | .17 | –0.29 (–0.65 to 0.07) |
| Adjusted self-reported weight, mean (95% CI), kg | –0.44 (–0.85 to –0.04) | –0.44 (–0.73 to –0.14) | –0.65 (–1.11 to –0.18) | –0.36 (–0.85 to –0.14) | –0.31 (–0.66 to –0.04) | –0.11 (–0.36 to 0.15) | –0.50 (–0.89 to –0.12) | 0.07 (–0.44 to 0.57) | –0.01 (–0.47 to 0.44) | <.001 | 0.70 (0.34 to 1.07) |
| Participants Who Tried to Lose Weight | |||||||||||
| Current measured BMI, No. (%) | 1165 (25.3) | 1246 (24.5) | 1250 (26.0) | 1396 (30.1) | 1614 (27.5) | 1685 (27.4) | 1546 (28.1) | 1747 (30.6) | 1819 (32.2) | NA | NA |
| Mean (95% CI) | 30.49 (29.62 to 31.36) | 30.22 (19.71 to 30.73) | 30.25 (29.65 to 30.85) | 30.49 (29.75 to 31.23) | 30.66 (30.14 to 31.18) | 31.02 (30.69 to 31.35) | 31.14 (30.46 to 31.82) | 31.33 (30.74 to 31.92) | 31.89 (31.34 to 32.45) | <.001 | 1.21 (0.69 to 1.73) |
| Current measured weight, No. (%) | 1168 (25.4) | 1261 (24.8) | 1253 (26.1) | 1397 (30.1) | 1616 (27.5) | 1686 (27.4) | 1548 (28.1) | 1752 (30.7) | 1823 (32.3) | NA | NA |
| Mean (95% CI), kg | 86.02 (83.49 to 88.55) | 85.5 (83.93 to 87.07) | 85.44 (83.72 to 87.17) | 85.93 (83.49 to 88.37) | 86.83 (85.08 to 88.58) | 87.57 (86.13 to 89.00) | 87.67 (85.90 to 89.44) | 87.92 (86.76 to 89.08) | 89.71 (88.23 to 91.20) | <.001 | 2.55 (0.93 to 4.17) |
| Self-reported prior-year weight, No. (%) | 1151 (25.0) | 1285 (25.2) | 1254 (26.1) | 1391 (30.0) | 1610 (27.5) | 1652 (26.9) | 1537 (27.9) | 1733 (30.4) | 1804 (31.9) | NA | NA |
| Unadjusted, mean (95% CI), kg | 81.72 (79.72 to 83.72) | 81.40 (79.75 to 83.05) | 81.99 (80.37 to 83.61) | 82.30 (80.19 to 84.41) | 83.37 (81.63 to 85.10) | 83.92 (82.33 to 85.52) | 83.74 (82.20 to 85.28) | 83.42 (82.05 to 84.80) | 85.39 (83.95 to 86.84) | <.001 | 2.29 (0.75 to 3.82) |
| Adjusted, mean (95% CI), kg | 83.60 (81.55 to 85.65) | 82.99 (81.26 to 84.72) | 83.53 (81.88 to 85.18) | 83.64 (81.51 to 85.78) | 84.71 (82.90 to 86.53) | 85.09 (83.48 to 86.70) | 84.84 (83.25 to 86.42) | 84.14 (82.72 to 85.56) | 86.13 (84.70 to 87.56) | .02 | 1.16 (0.39 to 2.72) |
| Difference between current and self-reported prior-year weight, No. (%) | 1143 (24.8) | 1242 (24.4) | 1237 (25.7) | 1373 (29.6) | 1588 (27.0) | 1588 (25.8) | 1644 (29.9) | 1520 (26.6) | 1723 (30.5) | NA | NA |
| Unadjusted self-reported weight, mean (95% CI), kg | 3.43 (2.95 to 3.91) | 4.25 (3.45 to 5.05) | 3.94 (3.45 to 4.44) | 3.35 (2.87 to 3.83) | 3.56 (3.06 to 4.06) | 3.54 (3.04 to 4.05) | 3.39 (2.88 to 3.9) | 3.59 (3.08 to 4.12) | 4.35 (3.83 to 4.88) | <.001 | 0.55 (0.37 to 0.86) |
| Adjusted self-reported weight, mean (95% CI), kg | 2.38 (1.06 to 3.16) | 2.36 (1.91 to 2.81) | 1.82 (1.35 to 2.28) | 2.21 (1.60 to 2.80) | 2.19 (1.65 to 2.74) | 2.20 (1.65 to 2.74) | 2.22 (1.74 to 2.70) | 2.52 (1.93 to 3.10) | 3.63 (3.07 to 4.19) | .43 | 1.38 (0.78 to 2.01) |
| Participants Who Did Not Try to Lose Weight | |||||||||||
| Current measured BMI, No. (%) | 2540 (55.3) | 2733 (53.7) | 2696 (56.1) | 2455 (52.9) | 3242 (55.2) | 3540 (57.6) | 2998 (54.5) | 3005 (52.7) | 2796 (49.5) | NA | NA |
| Mean (95% CI) | 26.37 (25.83 to 26.90) | 26.42 (26.13 to 26.71) | 26.53 (26.24 to 26.82) | 26.54 (26.14 to 26.94) | 26.79 (26.42 to 27.15) | 26.98 (26.55 to 27.40) | 26.72 (26.17 to 27.27) | 27.01 (26.64 to 27.38) | 26.95 (26.24 to 27.67) | .02 | 0.20 (–0.11 to 0.51) |
| Current measured weight, No. (%) | 2548 (55.4) | 2804 (55.0) | 2709 (56.3) | 2466 (53.1) | 3250 (52.3) | 3547 (57.7) | 3007 (54.6) | 3013 (52.8) | 2796 (49.5) | NA | NA |
| Mean (95% CI), kg | 75.85 (74.13 to 77.57) | 76.18 (75.32 to 77.04) | 76.94 (76.13 to 77.75) | 77.00 (75.90 to 78.11) | 77.14 (75.81 to 78.48) | 77.45 (76.28 to 78.63) | 76.51 (74.91 to 78.11) | 77.31 (76.30 to 78.33) | 76.82 (74.69 to 78.96) | .93 | 0.09 (–0.89 to 1.08) |
| Self-reported prior-year weight, No. (%) | 2502 (54.4) | 2913 (57.2) | 2723 (56.6) | 2441 (52.6) | 3233 (55.0) | 3492 (56.8) | 2970 (54.0) | 2975 (52.2) | 2767 (49.0) | NA | NA |
| Unadjusted, mean (95% CI), kg | 74.53 (72.99 to 76.06) | 75.07 (74.26 to 75.89) | 75.76 (74.98 to 76.54) | 76.44 (75.44 to 77.45) | 75.99 (74.77 to 77.21) | 76.25 (75.24 to 77.26) | 75.66 (74.19 to 77.13) | 76.27 (75.38 to 77.16) | 75.91 (73.96 to 77.86) | .05 | 0.82 (–0.10 to 1.73) |
| Adjusted, mean (95% CI), kg | 75.88 (74.28 to 77.78) | 75.95 (75.07 to 76.83) | 76.62 (75.76 to 77.48) | 76.86 (75.81 to 77.91) | 76.64 (75.36 to 77.93) | 76.73 (75.69 to 77.77) | 76.11 (74.60 to 77.62) | 76.63 (75.72 to 77.55) | 76.15 (74.24 to 78.06) | .81 | –0.18 (–1.12 to 0.76) |
| Difference between current and self-reported prior-year weight, No. (%) | 1796 (39.1) | 2466 (48.4) | 2763 (57.5) | 2673 (57.6) | 2399 (40.8) | 3175 (51.6) | 3449 (62.7) | 2934 (51.4) | 2938 (52.0) | NA | NA |
| Unadjusted self-reported weight, No. (%), kg | 0.75 (0.25 to 1.25) | 1.32 (0.85 to 1.78) | 0.93 (0.57 to 1.31) | 1.10 (0.67 to 1.53) | 0.60 (0.17 to 1.03) | 1.03 (0.65 to 1.41) | 1.24 (0.91 to 1.58) | 0.75 (0.41 to 1.08) | 0.52 (0.06 to 1.28) | .41 | 0.20 (0.19 to 0.59) |
| Adjusted self-reported weight, mean (95% CI), kg | 1.78 (1.33 to 2.21) | –0.03 (–0.52 to 0.45) | 0.04 (–0.36 to 0.46) | 0.25 (–0.23 to 0.73) | 0.19 (–0.22 to 0.59) | 0.37 (–0.02 to 0.77) | 0.76 (0.43 to 1.09) | 0.30 (–0.02 to 0.61) | 0.54 (0.22 to 0.94) | <.001 | 0.85 (0.45 to 1.25) |
| Participants with Normal BMI or Underweight Who Intended to Weigh Less or the Same Amount | |||||||||||
| Difference between current and prior-year self-reported weight, No. (%) | 2754 (59.9) | 1078 (21.1) | 1187 (24.7) | 1171 (25.2) | 1086 (18.5) | 1371 (22.3) | 1425 (25.9) | 1458 (25.6) | 1429 (25.3) | NA | NA |
| Unadjusted self-reported weight, mean (95% CI), kg | –1.43 (–2.06 to –0.81) | –1.33 (–1.68 to –0.98) | –1.34 (–1.73 to –0.95) | –1.20 (–1.71 to –0.70) | –1.48 (–1.88 to –1.08) | –1.19 (–1.53 to –0.85) | –1.23 (–1.67 to –0.80) | –1.36 (–1.84 to –0.87) | –1.36 (–1.74 to –0.98) | .18 | 0.44 (0.32 to 0.61) |
| Adjusted self-reported weight, mean (95% CI), kg | 0.38 (–0.06 to 0.83) | –2.15 (–2.59 to –1.70) | –1.70 (–2.07 to –1.33) | –1.61 (–2.20 to –1.02) | –1.62 (–2.03 to –1.21) | –1.56 (–1.96 to –1.16) | –1.42 (–1.88 to –0.96) | –1.53 (–2.05 to –1.00) | –1.46 (–1.80 to –1.12) | .02 | 0.61 (0.11 to 1.11) |
| Participants with Normal BMI or Underweight Who Intended to Weigh More | |||||||||||
| Difference between current weight and self-reported prior-year weight, No. (%) | 1309 (28.5) | 225 (4.4) | 235 (4.9) | 226 (4.9_ | 218 (3.7) | 198 (3.2) | 214 (3.9) | 184 (3.2) | 192 (3.4) | NA | NA |
| Unadjusted self-reported weight, mean (95% CI), kg | 0.46 (–1.37 to 2.29) | 1.40 (0.83 to 1.98) | 0.94 (0.14 to 1.74) | –0.09 (–0.73 to 0.56) | 1.02 (0.20 to 1.85) | 0.14 (–0.89 to 1.17) | 1.58 (0.98 to 2.18) | 0.44 (–0.93 to 1.81) | 0.79 (–0.24 to 1.82) | .76 | 0.40 (0.01 to 1.10) |
| Adjusted self-reported weight, mean (95% CI), kg | –1.03 (–1.51 to –0.56) | 0.26 (–0.27 to 0.79) | –0.08 (–0.99 to 0.82) | –1.34 (–2.10 to –0.57) | –0.09 (–1.09 to 0.91) | –0.97 (–2.04 to 0.09) | 0.56 (–0.14 to 1.17) | –0.40 (–1.86 to 1.05) | 0.11 (–1.19 to 1.41) | .96 | 1.34 (0.83 to 1.51) |
| Participants With Overweight Who Intended to Weigh Less or the Same Amount | |||||||||||
| Difference between current and self-reported prior-year weight, No. (%) | 131 (2.8) | 791 (15.5) | 819 (17.0) | 849 (18.3) | 810 (13.8) | 1119 (18.2) | 1182 (21.5) | 1080 (18.9) | 1073 (19.0) | NA | NA |
| Unadjusted self-reported weight, mean (95% CI), kg | –0.93 (–1.52 to –0.29) | –0.01 (–0.86 to 0.86) | –0.26 (–0.85 to 0.31) | –0.79 (–1.28 to –0.31) | –0.48 (–1.11 to 0.15) | –0.39 (–1.06 to 0.28) | 0.17 (–0.34 to 0.68) | –0.53 (–1.31 to 0.24) | –0.27 (–0.84 to 0.31) | .32 | 0.64 (0.41 to 1.10) |
| Adjusted self-reported weight, mean (95% CI), kg | 0.92 (–1.40 to 3.25) | –1.61 (–2.56 to 0.67) | –1.25 (–1.98 to –0.52) | –1.79 (–2.30 to –1.23) | –0.78 (–1.47 to –0.08) | –0.08 (–1.67 to 0.09) | –0.07 (–0.61 to 0.46) | –1.08 (–1.88 to –0.28) | –0.62 (–1.25 to 0.006) | .02 | 1.20 (0.40 to 1.99) |
| Participants With Overweight or Obesity Who Intended to Weigh More | |||||||||||
| Difference between current weight and self-reported prior-year weight, No. (%) | 1214 (26.4) | 1904 (37.3) | 2106 (43.8) | 2125 (45.8) | 2150 (36.6) | 2715 (44.1) | 2948 (53.6) | 2349 (41.2) | 2649 (46.9) | NA | NA |
| Unadjusted self-reported weight, mean (95% CI), kg | 1.02 (0.42 to 1.63) | 2.98 (2.28 to 3.68) | 2.28 (1.84 to 2.73) | 1.98 (1.37 to 2.60) | 1.82 (1.29 to 2.35) | 2.03 (1.27 to 2.48) | 1.80 (1.26 to 2.35) | 1.45 (0.92 to 1.99) | 1.97 (1.17 to 2.77) | .07 | 0.51 (0.07 to 1.11) |
| Adjusted self-reported weight, mean (95% CI), kg | –2.07 (–2.72 to –1.41) | 0.88 (0.20 to 1.57) | 0.54 (0.08 to 1.00) | 0.31 (–0.33 to 0.96) | 0.38 (–0.21 to 0.98) | 0.61 (0.16 to 1.06) | 0.50 (–0.02 to 1.02) | 0.28 (–0.30 to 0.85) | 1.04 (0.19 to 1.88) | .01 | 0.59 (0.01 to 1.19) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); NA, not applicable.
a
Analyses were restricted to nonpregnant participants 20 years and older who responded to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Not all participants answered all questions; therefore, the number of participants in different categories were not equal to the total number of participants for the survey cycle. Increasing trends were defined as differences greater than 0 or a ratio greater than 1 with P for trend ≤ .001; decreasing trends were defined as differences less than 0 or a ratio of less than 1, with a P for trend ≤ .001; stable trends were defined as P for trend > .001.
b
Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity.