Table 4. Cross-Tabulated Type Analyses of Trends in Current Measured BMI and Self-perceived Weight Status Among Adults in the United States, 1999-2000 to 2015-2016a.
| BMI and Self-perceived Weight Status | 1999-2000 (n = 4597) | 2001-2002 (n = 5094) | 2003-2004 (n = 4808) | 2005-2006 (n = 4643) | 2007-2008 (n = 5878) | 2009-2010 (n = 6150) | 2011-2012 (n = 5503) | 2013-2014 (n = 5704) | 2015-2016 (n = 5649) | P for Trendb | 2015-2016 vs 1999-2000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ratio (95% CI) | Difference, % (95% CI) | |||||||||||
| Self-perception of Weight | ||||||||||||
| Current measured BMI <25, No. (%) | 1327 (28.87) | 1430 (28.07) | 1412 (29.37) | 1333 (28.71) | 1592 (27.08) | 1667 (27.11) | 1660 (30.17) | 1643 (28.80) | 1465 (25.93) | NA | NA | NA |
| Considered self as having overweight, No. (% [95% CI]) | 227 (20.18 [16.84 to 20.52]) | 236 (20.39 [17.85 to 23.91]) | 228 (20.64 [17.09 to 24.18]) | 220 (20.67 [16.92 to 24.42]) | 199 15.78 [13.73 to 17.83]) | 216 (14.68 [11.71 to 17.64]) | 184 (12.16 [9.26 to 15.05]) | 192 (11.52 [9.91 to 13.13]) | 132 (10.84 [8.34 to 13.34]) | <.001 | 0.48 (0.38 to 0.60) | 8.10 (5.63 to 10.57) |
| Considered self as having underweight or about the right weight, No. (% [95% CI]) | 1100 (79.82 [79.48 to 83.16]) | 1194 (79.61 [77.09 to 82.15]) | 1184 (79.36 [75.81 to 82.91]) | 1113 (79.33 ([75.58 to 83.08]) | 1393 (84.22 ([82.17 to 86.27]) | 1451 (85.32 ([82.36 to 88.29]) | 1476 (87.84 [84.95 to 90.74]) | 1451 (88.48 [86.87 to 90.09]) | 1333 (89.16 [86.66 to 91.66]) | |||
| Current measured BMI ≥25, No. (%) | 2775 (60.37) | 2972 (58.34) | 3010 (62.60) | 3017 (64.98) | 3916 (66.62) | 4242 (68.98) | 3510 (63.78) | 3801 (66.64) | 3858 (68.30) | NA | NA | NA |
| Considered self as having overweight, No. (% [95% CI]) | 1956 (75.71 [73.44 to 77.97]) | 2133 (76.77 [74.76 to 78.74]) | 2146 (76.47 [74.56 to 78.38]) | 2185 (77.42 [74.98 to 80.02]) | 2762 (74.99 [72.56 to 77.33]) | 3005 (74.4 [72.45 to 76.35]) | 2401 (72.2 [68.66 to 75.73] | 2702 (74.48 [72.86 to 76.10]) | 2592 (71.64 [69.30 to 73.98]) | <.001 | 0.86 (0.77 to 0.95) | 3.30 (1.04 to 5.57) |
| Considered self as having underweight or about the right weight, No. (% [95% CI]) | 819 (24.29 [22.03 to 26.56]) | 839 (23.25 [21.26 to 25.24]) | 864 (23.53 [21.62 to 25.44]) | 832 (22.5 [19.98 to 25.02]) | 1154 (25.01 [22.67 to 27.44]) | 1237 (25.6 [23.65 to 27.55]) | 1109 (27.8 [24.27 to 31.34]) | 1099 (25.52 [23.90 to 27.14]) | 1266 (28.36 [26.02 to 30.70]) | |||
| Intention to Weigh More, the Same, or Less | ||||||||||||
| Current, measured BMI <25, No. (%) | 1328 (28.89) | 1432 (28.11) | 1412 (29.37) | 1335 (28.75) | 1594 (27.12) | 1667 (27.11) | 1659 (30.15) | 1645 (28.84) | 1466 (25.95) | NA | NA | NA |
| Intended to weigh more or the same amount, No. (% [95% CI]) | 1001 (68.74 [63.76 to 73.73]) | 1068 (67.40 [64.75 to 70.06]) | 1082 (69.86 [65.44 to 74.28]) | 981 (66.33 [61.74 to 70.93]) | 1219 (69.09 [65.30 to 72.90]) | 1247 (69.00 [65.67 to 72.35]) | 1282 (71.20 [65.90 to 76.52]) | 1266 (73.01 [68.88 to 77.32]) | 1137 (72.00 [67.42 to 76.70]) | .03 | 1.13 (0.95 to 1.35) | 2.18 (–0.97 to 5.33) |
| Intended to weigh less, No. (% [95% CI]) | 327 (31.26 [26.27 to 36.24]) | 364 (32.60 [29.94 to 35.25]) | 330 (30.14 [25.72 to 34.56]) | 354 (33.67 [29.07 to 38.26]) | 375 (30.91 [27.10 to 34.70]) | 420 (31.00 [27.65 to 34.33]) | 377 (28.80 [23.48 to 34.10]) | 379 (22.99 [22.68 to 31.12]) | 329 (28.00 [23.30 to 32.58]) | |||
| Current measured BMI ≥25. No. (%) | 2778 (60.4) | 2976 (58.42) | 3012 (62.65) | 3020 (65.04) | 3921 (66.71) | 4256 (69.20) | 3516 (63.89) | 3803 (66.67) | 3869 (3869) | NA | NA | NA |
| Intended to weigh more or the same amount, No. (% [95% CI]) | 701 (19.00 [17.64 to 22.01]) | 709 (18.12 [16.21 to 20.04]) | 747 (19.40 [17.42 to 21.38]) | 701 (17.21 [15.36 to 19.07]) | 910 (17.85 [15.49 to 20.21]) | 994 (19.40 [17.72 to 21.09]) | 859 (19.54 [17.07 to 22.02]) | 836 (18.64 [17.16 to 20.13]) | 875 (18.23 [16.04 to 20.44]) | .004 | 0.87 (0.77 to 0.97) | –2.62 (–4.69 to –0.55) |
| Intended to weigh less, No. (% [95% CI]) | 2077 (81.00 [77.99 to 82.36]) | 2267 (81.88 [79.96 to 83.79]) | 2265 (80.6 [78.62 to 82.58]) | 2319 (82.79 [80.93 to 84.64]) | 3011 (82.15 [79.79 to 84.51]) | 3262 (80.60 [78.91 to 82.28]) | 2657 (80.46 [77.98 to 82.93]) | 2967 (81.36 [79.87 to 82.84]) | 2994 (81.77 [79.56 to 83.96]) | |||
Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.
a
Analyses were restricted to nonpregnant participants 20 years and older who responded to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Not all participants answered all questions; therefore, the number of participants in different categories were not equal to the total number of participants for the survey cycle. Increasing trends were defined as differences greater than 0 or a ratio greater than 1 with P for trend ≤ .001; decreasing trends were defined as differences less than 0 or a ratio of less than 1, with a P for trend ≤ .001; stable trends were defined as P for trend > .001.
b
Adjusted for age, sex, and race/ethnicity.