Figure 2. Association of the Centers of Excellence of Primary Care Education (CoEPCE) With Changes in Quality Measures .

The intervention group consisted of patients cared for by CoEPCE resident clinicians in CoEPCE sites. The 3 comparison groups were as follows: (1) main analysis, patients cared for by non-CoEPCE resident clinicians from non-CoEPCE clinics; (2) sensitivity analysis 1, patients cared for by attending clinicians in the same clinics where CoEPCE trainees practiced; and (3) sensitivity analysis 2, patients cared for by resident clinicians from CoEPCE sites who did not participate in the CoEPCE initiative. Results are presented as effect sizes, which refer to absolute percentage point changes, with 95% CIs. Measures of high-risk medication use and hemoglobin A_1c (HbA_1c) control have been reversed so that the direction that favors intervention vs comparison is consistent across all measures. ACSC indicates ambulatory care–sensitive condition.