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. 2019 Nov 11;29(1):4–15. doi: 10.1097/MNH.0000000000000570

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Copyright © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0

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Alkaline phosphatase is ubiquitously expressed; however, the contribution of alkaline phosphatase from different tissues to the circulating alkaline phosphatase activity may vary. Under healthy conditions, liver and bone isoforms of tissue-nonspecific isozyme alkaline phosphatase comprise approximately 50% each of the total circulating alkaline phosphatase activity. Intestine alkaline phosphatase can comprise up to 10% of the circulating alkaline phosphatase activity in individuals with blood group B or 0, but less than 3% in individuals with blood group A. Circulating alkaline phosphatase predicts disease-related outcomes, for example cardiovascular disease or mortality, but to which extend alkaline phosphatase derived from specific tissues contributes to the total circulating alkaline phosphatase activity in pathologic conditions remains largely undetermined. Designed by Macrovector and Brgfx - Freepik.com.