Fig 4. Cytokines in lung of mice intranasally infected with B. thailandensis and temporal effects of alcohol during infection.

GM-CSF (A). TNF-α (B). IL-12/p40 (C). IL-10 per lung (D). C57BL/6 mice were administered alcohol (4.4 g/kg) or PBS intraperitoneally (i.p.) and (0.5, 3, 6, or 24 h) later mice were inoculated intranasally with B. thailandensis (5 x 10⁵) CFUs. Tissues were collected 24 h post infection and cytokine concentration determined by ELISA with corresponding protein standard. Each bar represents the mean of each group administered alcohol at a respective time prior to infection with SD, N = 6 per group. (Control) indicates infected mice not administered alcohol. Horizontal lines and asterisks (*) represent statistical comparison of (0.5 h alcohol prior to infection) and subsequent alcohol exposure prior to infection by one-way ANOVA **, p ≤ 0.01, ****, p ≤ .0001.