Table 2. Sleep parameters and energy expenditure while in the laboratory during the 3 study periods.
| Measured variables | Non-fasting BL | Fasting outside Ramadan | Ramadan | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sleep parameters during monitoring at the laboratory using polysomnography | ||||
| Total sleep time (min) | 359.5 ± 41.9 | 351.5 ± 49.9 | 341.7 ± 52.3 | 0.7 |
| Sleep efficiency (%) | 79.3 ± 9.1 | 78.1 ± 8.4 | 75.8 ± 10.2 | 0. 6 |
| Sleep latency (min) | 31.3 ± 18.9 | 28.5 ± 16.7 | 30.7 ± 22.4 | 0.9 |
| Arousal index (arousal/hr) | 6.7 ± 3.5 | 7.1 ± 4.7 | 8.2 ± 3.9 | 0.6 |
| Stage shifts | 69.1 ± 19.7 | 72.1 ± 18.3 | 73.4 ± 20.7 | 0.9 |
| Energy expenditure based on the SenseWear Pro Armband | ||||
| METs | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 0.2 |
| METs (Day) | 1.5 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 0.3 |
| METs (Night) | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 1 |
METs: metabolic equivalents; stage shifts: total number of changes in sleep stage from the sleep-onset to rise time.
No changes were noted in energy expenditure (expressed by METs) between day and night during the 3 monitoring periods in the laboratory.