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. 2019 Dec 3;10:1110. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01110

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Copyright © 2019 Naylor, Hesam-Shariati, McAuley, Boag, Newton-John, Rae and Gustin.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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(A) Sagittal slice showing location from which proton spectroscopy was performed in the right medial prefrontal cortex in people with chronic pain and pain-free controls. Slice location in Montreal Neurological Institute space is indicated at the lower left of the image. (B) A plot of mean (±SD) Glu/ H₂O ratios in the medial prefrontal cortex in people with chronic pain and pain-free controls. (C) A plot of mean (±SD) NAA/H₂O ratios in the medial prefrontal cortex in people with chronic pain and pain-free controls. (D) A plot of Glu/ H₂O ratios in people with chronic pain against NAA/ H₂O ratios in the medial prefrontal cortex.