Broad and clear exemption regimes |
You can get out of vaccinating if you follow set procedures |
Michigan (US): Exemption after attending education session |
Govern the complacent, don't squeeze refusers |
Engineered selectivity (individuals approve cases) |
Limited decisions to allow exemptions are enacted by senior functionaries |
Australia: Federal Departmental secretary grants limited exemptions |
Some (minimal) flexibility to be responsive case by case |
Informal nonenforcement |
Noncompliance with stated laws or policies not investigated or punished |
Italian children not excluded from school, 1999–2017 |
Avoid publicity of removing mandate (may damage uptake) |
Mirage mandates |
Policy design facilitates noncompliance |
Queensland (Australia): Childcare providers decide whether to exclude unvaccinated children |
Appear to be taking tough action while facilitating noncompliance |