Skip to main content
. 2019 Jan 2;149(1):114–122. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxy207

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of participants by study condition1

Independent Assisted
(n = 148) (n = 154) P value2
Age range,3 y 0.85
 18–34 49 51
 35–54 70 69
 55–82 29 34
Race/ethnicity 0.36
 Hispanic 72 62
 Black, non-Hispanic 44 59
 White, non-Hispanic 18 21
 Other 14 12
Preferred language 0.26
 English 124 136
 Spanish 24 18
Household income 0.45
 <$10,000 34 45
 $10,000-$19,999 44 43
 $20,000-$39,999 43 36
 ≥$40,000 20 26
Education 0.11
 Less than High school 41 48
 Some college 69 54
 College graduate 37 51
Employment 0.43
 Employed 74 63
 Out of work 33 35
 Unable to work 9 15
 Other 32 37
BMI, kg/m2 0.27
 Under/normal weight (<25) 43 58
 Overweight (25.0–29.9) 33 38
 Obese (≥30) 63 55
Currently receiving SNAP 0.13
 No 115 108
 Yes 33 46
Currently participating in WIC <0.01
 No 143 135
 Yes 5 19
Frequency of accessing email 0.54
 Every day 116 117
 Not every day 31 37
Devices used to access the Internet or email (respondents could select multiple options)
 Computer 58 57 0.70
 Laptop 74 71 0.50
 Tablet 52 54 0.99
 Phone 127 110 <0.01
 Other device 6 7 0.83
 No access 1 4 0.19
Locations at which Internet and/or email are accessed (respondents could select multiple options)
 Home 138 133 0.05
 Work 50 50 0.81
 Library 37 36 0.74
 Friend's home 45 39 0.32
 Coffee shop 44 35 0.17
 Other 10 14 0.45
 Nowhere 2 3 0.68
1

n = 302 women with low incomes. For some variables, numbers may not add up to totals owing to missing data for a small number of participants. SNAP, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program; WIC, Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children.

2

P values were estimated using chi-square tests.

3

One person in the independent group and 2 in the assisted group were >70 y of age.