TABLE 5.
True and reported energy, nutrient, and food group intakes by study condition (independent or assisted 24-h recall)1
| Independent (n = 148 participants) | Assisted (n = 154 participants) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean true value | Mean reported value | Mean difference (95% CI) | Mean true value | Mean reported value | Mean difference (95% CI) | P value for between-group comparison2 | |
| Energy, kcal | 1957 | 1878 | 79.8 (−31.3, 191) | 1834 | 1811 | 23.2 (−79.3, 126) | 0.38 |
| Carbohydrate, g | 254 | 241 | 12.7 (−0.67, 26.0) | 235 | 230 | 4.27 (−9.06, 17.6) | 0.35 |
| Fiber, g | 16.7 | 15.7 | 1.00 (−0.00, 2.00) | 15.8 | 16.2 | −0.31 (−1.31, 0.70) | 0.06 |
| Fat, g | 74.8 | 75.6 | −0.78 (−6.53, 4.97) | 70.2 | 72.3 | −2.07 (−7.15, 3.02) | 0.60 |
| Potassium, mg | 2415 | 2321 | 94.8 (−47.2, 237) | 2325 | 2365 | −39.9 (−159, 79.2) | 0.15 |
| Saturated fat, g | 21.8 | 22.1 | −0.25 (−1.94, 1.45) | 20.3 | 20.9 | −0.54 (−2.10, 1.01) | 0.73 |
| Protein, g | 76.4 | 66.9 | 9.49 (4.96, 14.0) | 74.4 | 68.2 | 6.20 (2.25, 10.2) | 0.20 |
| Vitamin A, RAE | 733 | 660 | 73.0 (0.39, 146) | 716 | 731 | −15.0 (−91.3, 61.4) | 0.11 |
| Vitamin C, mg | 118 | 124 | −5.93 (−15.6, 3.68) | 119 | 126 | −6.98 (−16.3, 2.30) | 0.88 |
| Vitamin D, μg | 1.92 | 2.50 | −0.58 (−0.82, −0.34) | 1.68 | 2.46 | −0.78 (−1.06, −0.50) | 0.45 |
| Folate, μg | 430 | 424 | 5.54 (−21.6, 32.7) | 389 | 421 | −32.5 (−56.0, −8.99) | 0.02 |
| Iron, mg | 14.8 | 13.7 | 1.15 (0.30, 2.00) | 13.2 | 13.4 | −0.18 (−0.99, 0.62) | 0.03 |
| Magnesium, mg | 251 | 236 | 15.1 (1.41, 28.9) | 242 | 243 | −0.81 (−13.1, 11.5) | 0.08 |
| Calcium, mg | 728 | 749 | −21.1 (−75.2, 33.0) | 694 | 751 | −56.6 (−112, −1.09) | 0.39 |
| Sodium, mg | 3051 | 2883 | 167 (−25.9, 361) | 2929 | 2874 | 55.0 (−117, 227) | 0.25 |
| Fruit, cup equivalent3 | 1.58 | 1.50 | 0.08 (−0.05, 0.22) | 1.73 | 1.62 | 0.11 (−0.02, 0.25) | 0.72 |
| Vegetables, cup equivalent3 | 1.78 | 1.93 | −0.15 (−0.32, 0.02) | 1.63 | 1.89 | −0.26 (−0.42, −0.10) | 0.43 |
| Milk, cup equivalent3 | 1.18 | 1.13 | 0.05 (−0.07, 0.16) | 1.11 | 1.13 | −0.03 (−0.14, 0.09) | 0.41 |
| Meat, ounce equivalent3 | 4.62 | 3.97 | 0.65 (0.26, 1.04) | 4.87 | 4.36 | 0.50 (0.12, 0.89) | 0.45 |
| Added sugars, tsp | 16.1 | 16.9 | −0.82 (−2.18, 0.54) | 14.5 | 15.0 | −0.53 (−1.95, 0.90) | 0.67 |
1
Values are means unless otherwise stated. RAE, Retinol Activity Equivalent; tsp, teaspoon.
2
P values were estimated using multivariable linear regression models, accounting for participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children and accessing the Internet using a smart phone.
3
Units are based on the Food Patterns Equivalents Database.