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. 2007 Jun 1;22(6):778–784. doi: 10.1007/s00467-006-0411-0

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© IPNA 2007

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Fig. 2 — Routes of water exit from the brain in brain edema. In both cytotoxic and vasogenic types of brain edema, excess fluid is eliminated through aquaporin-4 (AQP4) rich barriers: a The glia limitans externa into the subarachnoid space; b the blood–brain barrier into the bloodstream; c the glia limitans interna and ependyma into the ventricles