Effects of voluntary ethanol consumption on (A) mineralizing perimeter/bone perimeter, (B) mineral apposition rate, (C) bone formation rate/bone perimeter, (D) bone formation rate/bone area, and (E) bone formation rate/tissue area in 3rd lumbar vertebra in male rhesus macaques. Representative photomicrographs from (F) a control monkey and (G) an ethanol-treated monkey depicting differences in fluorochrome labeling and marrow adiposity. Data are mean ± SE, n = 9 for control and 13 for ethanol (EtOH). aDifferent from Control, P ≤ 0.05.