Efficacy of NX-13 in ulcerative colitis PBMCs. PBMCs were isolated from blood samples of UC donors and cultured ex vivo with NX-13 (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5 μM) for 24 h. Cells were stimulated with PMA (5 ng/mL) / ionomycin (500 ng/mL), TNF (0.5 ng/mL), or hydrogen peroxide (1 mM) as indicated. TNFα+ (A), IL4+ (B), IL10+ (C), and IFNγ+ (D) CD4+ T cells by flow cytometry. NF-κB activity (E) and reactive oxygen species levels (F) after 24 h treatment. Secreted IL-8 (G), MCP1 (H) and IL-6 (I) protein levels by Luminex. Data presented as mean ± SEM (n = 5). Asterisks mark significance (p ≤ 0.05).