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. 2019 Dec 10;10:5413. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-13215-0

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — Compositional and mechanical characteristics of the girdle scales in the chiton R. canariensis. Backscattered SEM images of polished cross sections of the chiton’s scaled girdles in two orientations: a radial and b circumferential. Note that the middle organic fibrous layer can be clearly distinguished from the dorsal and ventral scales due to its electron density difference. c Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopic elemental maps (O, C, Ca, and N) of the scale assembly taken from the region shown in a. The white arrow indicates the presence of nitrogen between adjacent scales above the fibrous middle layer. SEM image of the d fibrous middle layer after dorsal scale removal, and e the rod-like crystals observed on the fracture surface of an individual dorsal scale. f Indentation moduli, E_r, and hardness, H, maps of the chiton scales taken in the region shown in b obtained from instrumented indentation measurements.