Table 3.
Adult mortality, health status, and risk factors
| Denominator | N (weighted %), median (IQR), or rate | Range across slums | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adult mortality | |||
| Housholds that experienced an adult death in past year | 525 | 17 (3%) | 1–7% |
| Approximate adult death rate over past year | 1537a | 10.6/1000 | 2.7–27.9 |
| Self-reported diseases in lifetime | |||
| Non-communicable disease (NCD) | |||
| Stroke | 894 | 16 (2%) | 0–3% |
| Heart attack | 894 | 23 (2%) | 0–3% |
| Diabetes | 893 | 14 (1%) | 0–2% |
| Asthma | 894 | 73 (7%) | 4–11% |
| Cancer | 893 | 0 (0%) | N/A |
| Physical injury/trauma | 894 | 87 (10%) | 7–13% |
| Communicable disease (CD) | |||
| Pneumonia | 892 | 13 (2%) | 0–3% |
| Tuberculosis | 894 | 23 (3%) | 2–6% |
| Cholera | 892 | 41 (4%) | 3–8% |
| Hepatitis | 893 | 1 (0%) | 0–< 1% |
| Cancer | 894 | 0 (0%) | N/A |
| Diseases and health behaviors documented at time of survey | |||
| Mental health | |||
| Kessler-6 psychological distress score: median (IQR) | 892 | 10 (7–12) | 9–11 |
| Kessler-6 severe psychological distress | 892 | 235 (24%) | 20–33% |
| Hypertension | |||
| Systolic blood pressure: median (IQR) | 886 | 117 (108–129) | 111–120 |
| Diastolic blood pressure: median (IQR) | 886 | 72 (65–83) | 70–76 |
| Any hypertension (as measured or on prescribed treatment) | 886 | 179 (20%) | 18–24% |
| Hypertension stage 1 | 108 (13%) | 11–16% | |
| Hypertension stage 2 | 53 (6%) | 4–8% | |
| Body mass index | 874 | ||
| Underweight (< 18.5) | 78 (9%) | 7–16% | |
| Normal (18.5– < 25) | 462 (54%) | 50–61% | |
| Overweight (25– < 30) | 232 (27%) | 17–30% | |
| Obese (≥ 30) | 100 (10%) | 6–13% | |
| Smoking | 894 | ||
| Every day or some days | 68 (7%) | 6–11% | |
| Previously | 50 (4%) | 1–6% | |
| Never | 776 (89%) | 84–93% | |
| Alcohol consumption | 894 | ||
| At least twice a week | 148 (18%) | 16–27% | |
| At least twice a month | 172 (20%) | 13–25% | |
| Never or monthly or less | 574 (62%) | 49–70% | |
| Diet | |||
| At least 1 fried meal per day | 892 | 606 (69%) | 55–73% |
| Often or always uses salt in food | 887 | 262 (33%) | 6–60% |
| Mean number of days/week eats fresh fruit/vegetables: median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 1–2 | |
| Number of days drinks soda / sweetened beverages per week: median (IQR) | 894 | 2 (0–6) | 1–3 |
| Women’s healthb | |||
| Currently using any birth control method (if sexually active) | 495 | 198 (38%) | 23–49% |
| Ever pregnant | 539 | 360 (62%) | 58–71% |
| Has had 5 or more pregnancies | 539 | 53 (5%) | 4–13% |
| Last live birth delivered in a hospital | 336 | 191 (56%) | 41–62% |
| Any antenatal care for the last pregnancy | 335 | 288 (86%) | 83–88% |
| Healthcare access and utilization | |||
| Ever received cholera vaccine | 892 | 214 (26%) | 15–35% |
| Sought medical care in past year | 893 | 304 (36%) | 27–44% |
| Hospitalized in past year | 893 | 46 (5%) | 2–9% |
| Cost to travel to clinic (one way), USDc,d | 303 | 0.21 (0–0.69) | 0.09–0.35 |
| Time to get to clinic (one way), minutesd | 304 | 19 (10–30) | 14–27 |
| Did not receive care that was needed in the past 6 months | 894 | 235 (26%) | 21–35% |
| Ever gone without healthcare to afford food | 894 | 221 (27%) | 18–37% |
aCombines number of living adults listed on household rosters and deaths reported for the past year
bAmong women (N = 544)
cCalculated as 1 Haitian Gourde = 0.015 USD; corresponds to median (IQR) of 14 (0–46) and range of medians of 6–23
dAmong those who sought care in the past year (N = 304)