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. 2019 Dec 10;9:18707. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55019-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Nanoparticle contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) enables T1 mapping of the placenta. Pre-contrast (top row) and post-contrast (bottom row) T1-weighted gradient recalled echo (T1w-GRE) coronal images at E14.5 (a,c), E16.5, (e,g), and E18.5 (i,k) show signal enhancement in the placenta (blue arrow) and IVC (yellow arrow) after administration of liposomal-Gd. No signal is seen in the amniotic fluid (AF) compartment of the feto-placental unit. Volume renderings of corresponding feto-placental units for pre-contrast and post-contrast scans are shown for E14.5 (b,d), E16.5 (f,h), E18.5 (j,l). Color bar indicates T1 relaxation times in milliseconds(ms). Scale bar represents 1 cm.