Table 1.
Semen Characteristics and Sperm Morphology in the Men Carrying Bi-allelic TTC29 Mutations
| - | Human Subject | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| - | A002 IV-1 | A038 IV-1 | S003 II-1 | Reference Limits |
| Semen Parameters | ||||
| Semen volume (mL) | 4.5 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.5a |
| Sperm concentration (106/mL) | 9.0 | 57.6 | 39.5 | 15.0a |
| Motility (%) | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 40.0a |
| Progressive motility (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 32.0a |
| Sperm Morphology | ||||
| Normal flagella (%) | 16.0 | 0.0 | 5.0 | 23.0b |
| Absent flagella (%) | 17.5 | 5.5 | 12.0 | 5.0b |
| Short flagella (%) | 39.5 | 63.5 | 36.5 | 1.0b |
| Coiled flagella (%) | 26.0 | 26.5 | 33.0 | 17.0b |
| Angulation (%) | 1.0 | 4.5 | 2.0 | 13.0b |
| Irregular caliber (%) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 11.5 | 2.0b |
| Flagellar Ultrastructural Abnormalityc | ||||
| Abnormal mid-piece (%) | 80.0 | 86.6 | 81.8 | 11.8 (8.6–15.1)d |
| Abnormal end piece (%) | 92.1 | 87.5 | 75.1 | 8.1 (5.2–11.2)d |
a
Reference limits according to the WHO standards.62
b
Reference limits according to the distribution range of morphologically normal spermatozoa observed in 926 fertile individuals.63
c
More than one hundred cross sections were analyzed.
d
Values represent the mean (range) and are from the statistics of more than three healthy and fertile individuals in this study.