Table 2.

Kinematic and kinetic differences between DL and NDL (mean ± S.D.)

	Collegiate athletes		P valueb	Recreational athletes		P valuec
	DL	NDL		DL	NDL
Knee flexion angle at IC (deg.)	33.0 ± 8.4	35.6 ± 8.3	0.005	35.5 ± 9.4	35.3 ± 11.2	0.868
Peak knee flexion angle at IC (deg.)	107 ± 12.9	109 ± 12.6	0.127	97.1 ± 12.6d	96.8 ± 13.0d	0.791
Knee abduction angle at IC (deg.)	− 2.1 ± 8.5	− 3.9 ± 6.8	0.143	− 4.8 ± 4.8	2.3 ± 4.9e	0.002
Peak knee abduction angle (deg.)	5.4 ± 11.8	1.5 ± 10.4	0.006	1.3 ± 7.2	6.3 ± 5.4	0.038
Knee internal rotation angle at IC (deg.)	− 7.6 ± 10.4	− 9.1 ± 9.1	0.400	− 12.4 ± 8.7	10.3 ± 8.2	< 0.001
Peak knee internal rotation angle (deg.)	4.4 ± 6.8	5.5 ± 6.7	0.557	0.0067 ± 7.0d	11.8 ± 5.4e	< 0.001
vGRF within 40 ms from IC (N)	1236 ± 629	1261 ± 366	0.827	1078 ± 314	1084 ± 445	0.953
PKFM within 40 ms from IC (Nm/kg)	1.69 ± 0.57	2.71 ± 0.88	< 0.001	1.67 ± 0.49	2.08 ± 0.87d	0.068
PKABDM within 40 ms from IC (Nm/kg)	0.36 ± 0.31	0.21 ± 0.36	0.827	0.17 ± 0.24d	0.38 ± 0.30	0.009
PKIRM within 40 ms from IC (Nm/kg)	0.16 ± 0.16	0.36 ± 0.39	0.675	0.22 ± 0.15	0.36 ± 0.39	0.175

^bValues obtained using the two-tailed paired t test in collegiate athletes

^cValues obtained using the two-tailed paired t test in recreational athletes

^dValues were significantly larger in collegiate athletes than in recreational athletes using the two-tailed unpaired t test

^eValues were significantly larger in recreational athletes than in collegiate athletes using the two-tailed unpaired t test