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. 2019 Dec 11;16:262. doi: 10.1186/s12974-019-1664-4

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 7 — Blocking TGFβR1 with SD208 decreases phospho-SMAD2 in rats infused with astrocytes expressing Nef. a Representative tissue sections immunostained for phospho-SMAD2; Nef+placebo (upper panel) and Nef+SD208 (lower panel). b Densitometric analysis of the hippocampus was used to quantify SMAD2 phosphorylation (right hemisphere: *p < 0.03). Nef+placebo (n = 5) and Nef+SD208 (n = 6). Scale bar is 100 μm