. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 11.

Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterology. 2018 Jul 7;155(5):1372–1382.e17. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.07.007

Table 4.

Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance By Age Group, Stratified by World Health Organization Region

WHO region, patient population	Pooled prevalence of antibiotic resistance, % (95% CI)

Americas region	Clarithromycin	Metronidazole^a	Levofloxacin
Adults	13 (8–18)	22 (8–36)	18 (11–14)
Children	19 (13–26)^b	40 (33–48)^b	—
Not specified	—	—	—
Eastern Mediterranean region	Clarithromycin^a	Metronidazole^a	Levofloxacin^a
Adults	29 (23–36)	61 (55–67)	18 (12–24)
Children	10 (3–29)^b	81 (60–92)^b	29 (14–50)^b
Not specified	34 (28–40)	67 (61–72)	9 (7–12)
European region	Clarithromycin	Metronidazole^a	Levofloxacin^a
Adults	28 (25–31)	40 (34–42)	11 (9–13)
Children	24 (19–30)	20 (17–24)	4 (1–7)
Not specified	39 (24–54)	49 (41–57)	22 (17–26)
Southeast Asia region	Clarithromycin	Metronidazole	Levofloxacin
Adults	16 (5–27)	59 (40–78)	25 (13–28)
Children	29 (22–38)^b	—	—
Not specified	—	—	—
Western Pacific region	Clarithromycin^a	Metronidazole^a	Levofloxacin^a
Adults	32 (25–38)	53 (45–61)	27 (22–32)
Children	85 (80–90)^b	43 (37–50)^b	17 (12–22)^b
Not specified	12 (4–21)	95 (94–96)	17 (12–21)

NOTE. Data for amoxicillin and tetracycline were not pooled by age group due to the lack of studies.

P value for subgroup comparison <.05

Fewer than 3 observations contributed to analysis.