Figure 2.

The application of stem cell therapy in Alzheimer’s disease.

Stem cells can be classified in four types: neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. All have the potential to generate the neural progenitor cells, resulting in the generation of new neurons or the replacement of damaged neurons. Each of these cell types shows unique properties in a variety of ways, such as promoting neuronal differentiation, microglia activation, and acetylcholine (Ach) levels of neuronal cells, and decreasing β-amyloid (Aβ) deposits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients.