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. 2019 Dec 3;11:326. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00326

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Copyright © 2019 Xue, Guo, Gao, Wang, Cui, Chen, Wang and Xiang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Directed functional connectivity showing significant differences in the left hippocampus and whole brain pairwise comparisons. From the left hippocampus to whole brain, panel (A) represents the directed functional connectivity showing significant differences between the MCI and NC groups, panel (B) represents the directed functional connectivity showing significant differences between the AD and NC groups, and panel (C) represents the directed functional connectivity showing significant differences between the AD and MCI groups. From whole brain to the left hippocampus, panel (D) represents the directed functional connectivity showing significant differences between the MCI and NC groups, panel (E) represents the directed functional connectivity showing significant differences between the AD and NC groups, and panel (F) represents the directed functional connectivity showing significant differences between the AD and MCI groups. The red/yellow-colored brain regions indicate increased GCA values between groups. The blue/green-colored brain regions indicate decreased GCA values between groups.