Table 2.
Cross-sectional association between plasma PFAS concentrations and bone mineral density at multiple bone sites at baseline.1
| Plasma PFAS concentrations, ng/ml |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMD by sites [β for one SD increase of PFASs (95% CI)] |
PFOS | PFOA | PFHxS | PFNA | PFDA |
| Spine | |||||
| Total | −0.020(−0.037, −0.003) | −0.021(−0.038, −0.004) | −0.013(−0.032, 0.006) | −0.011(−0.028, 0.006) | −0.009(−0.026, 0.008) |
| Women | −0.015(−0.036, 0.005) | −0.017(−0.039, 0.004) | −0.010(−0.034, 0.015) | −0.006(−0.026, 0.014) | −0.008(−0.027, 0.012) |
| Men | −0.01l(−0.041, 0.018) | −0.008(−0.040, 0.023) | −0.001(−0.032, 0.029) | −0.007(−0.037, 0.023) | 0.001(−0.029, 0.031) |
| P for interaction | 0.68 | 0.71 | 0.63 | 0.95 | 0.76 |
| Total hip | |||||
| Total | −0.013(−0.026, 0.001) | −0.015(−0.029, −0.001) | −0.006(−0.022, 0.009) | −0.006(−0.020, 0.007) | −0.005(−0.018, 0.009) |
| Women | −0.010(−0.028, 0.008) | −0.013(−0.031, 0.006) | −0.011(−0.032, 0.010) | −0.005(−0.023, 0.012) | −0.006(−0.023, 0.012) |
| Men | −0.011(−0.033, 0.011) | −0.013(−0.036, 0.011) | 0.006(−0.016, 0.029) | −0.007(−0.029, 0.016) | 0.000(−0.023, 0.022) |
| P for interaction | 0.98 | 0.67 | 0.51 | 0.99 | 0.64 |
| Hip intertrochanteric area | |||||
| Total | −0.012(−0.028, 0.004) | −0.016(−0.032, 0.000) | −0.007(−0.025, 0.010) | −0.006(−0.021, 0.010) | −0.003(−0.019, 0.012) |
| Women | −0.013(−0.033, 0.008) | −0.017(−0.038, 0.005) | −0.015(−0.040, 0.009) | −0.007(−0.027, 0.013) | −0.007(−0.027, 0.013) |
| Men | −0.008(−0.033, 0.018) | −0.010(−0.037, 0.017) | 0.008(−0.019, 0.034) | −0.003(−0.030, 0.023) | 0.005(−0.021, 0.031) |
| P for interaction | 0.76 | 0.97 | 0.42 | 0.74 | 0.42 |
| Femoral neck | |||||
| Total | −0.014(−0.028, 0.000)2 | −0.016(−0.030, −0.002) | −0.007(−0.022, 0.009) | −0.008(−0.022, 0.006) | −0.005(−0.019, 0.009) |
| Women | −0.004(−0.022, 0.014) | −0.008(−0.027, 0.010) | −0.005(−0.025, 0.016) | 0.000(−0.018, 0.017) | −0.002(−0.019, 0.015) |
| Men | −0.021(−0.044, 0.001) | −0.019(−0.043, 0.005) | −0.001(−0.024, 0.023) | −0.016(−0.039, 0.007) | −0.004(−0.027, 0.019) |
| P for interaction | 0.24 | 0.26 | >0.99 | 0.31 | 0.98 |
| Hip trochanter | |||||
| Total | −0.013(−0.026, 0.000)2 | −0.015(−0.029, −0.002) | −0.003(−0.018, 0.011) | −0.008(−0.020, 0.005) | −0.007(−0.020, 0.006) |
| Women | −0.011(−0.028, 0.006) | −0.010(−0.028, 0.007) | −0.005(−0.025, 0.015) | −0.006(−0.022, 0.010) | −0.006(−0.022, 0.010) |
| Men | −0.008(−0.028, 0.013) | −0.013(−0.035, 0.009) | 0.008(−0.013, 0.030) | −0.007(−0.028, 0.014) | −0.003(−0.024, 0.018) |
| P for interaction | 0.84 | 0.45 | 0.60 | 0.91 | 0.83 |
| Ward’s triangle area | |||||
| Total | −0.017(−0.034, 0.001) | −0.015(−0.033, 0.003) | −0.005(−0.024, 0.015) | −0.008(−0.025, 0.009) | −0.008(−0.025, 0.009) |
| Women | −0.003(−0.027, 0.020) | −0.003(−0.028, 0.02l) | −0.00l(−0.029, 0.027) | 0.003(−0.019, 0.026) | 0.000(−0.022, 0.022) |
| Men | −0.028(−0.055, 0.000) | −0.02l(−0.050, 0.008) | 0.002(−0.027, 0.030) | −0.022(−0.050, 0.006) | −0.015(−0.043, 0.013) |
| P for interaction | 0.22 | 0.24 | 0.95 | 0.24 | 0.48 |
1
Model were adjusted for age (years), sex (men, women), race (White, non-White), alcohol consumption (g/day), physical activity factor (continuous), body mass index (kg/m2), and dietary intervention groups (categorical).
2
P=0.05