Table 2.
Selected studies of sleep and cognition/dementia risk
| Study | Participants | Sleep measure | Outcome | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohen-Zion 2001 Longitudinal | 46 community dwellers | In-home modified respitrace system pulse oximetry Self-report EDS (excessive daytime sleepiness), snoring |
MMSE | Increased daytime sleepiness is associated with worse MMSE, over a 3 year follow-up Hypoxemia, snoring, are not associated with changes in MMSE |
| Lim, AS 2013 Longitudinal | 698 non-demented adults | Actigraphy | Cognitive testing (global cognitive composite measure) | More sleep consolidation (less interruption of sleep by awakenings) attenuates effect of APOE-E4 allele on dementia risk |
| Lutsey 2016 Longitudinal | 966 participants in the ARIC study | Polysomnography in-home | Cognitive testing | No association between severity of OSA, degree of nocturnal hypoxemia, sleep fragmentation, habituation duration, and cognitive decline No association between OSA severity and cognition |
| Ooms, S 2014 RCT | 26 cognitively normal middle-aged men with normal sleep I: Total sleep deprivation ×24 h(n = 13) P: Unrestricted sleep (n = 13) |
Polysomnography Sleep questionnaire (PSQI) | CSF biomarkers for AD (AB42, AB40, p-Tau, t-Tau, total protein) | Unrestricted sleep leads to a morning 6% physiologic decrease in CSF AB42, while sleep deprivation counteracted this decrease |
| Pase, M 2017 Longitudinal | 321 participants from a subset of offspring of participants from the Framingham Heart Study | Polysomnography in-home | Dementia MMSE Cognitive testing |
Higher REM sleep % is associated with decreased risk of incident dementia NREM sleep is not associated with dementia risk |
| Tsapanou, A 2015 Longitudinal | 1041 non-demented participants from WHICAP | MOS-SS | Dementia | Sleep inadequacy is associated with increased risk of dementia in unadjusted and adjusted models. Daytime sleepiness is associated with increased risk of dementia in the adjusted model |
| Yaffe, K2011 Longitudinal | 298 non-demented women in the community | Polysomnography in-home | Dementia MMSE Cognitive testing |
Women with SDB had increased odds of developing MCI/dementia over 5 years of follow-up Sleep fragmentation, sleep duration, are not associated with MCI/dementia |