| NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenases in all compartments |
cycles through nitrate reductase to interconvert NAD and NADP |
NAD-dependent malate dehydrogenases in all compartments, NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase only in chloroplast |
(Swarbreck et al., 2008) |
| Cyclic electron flow |
absence of cyclic electron flow |
added |
(Shikanai, 2016) |
| Alternative oxidase |
missing alternative routes for electrons to pass the electron transport chain to reduce oxygen |
added alternative oxidase reactions to the chloroplast and mitochondria |
(Vishwakarma et al., 2015) |
| Alanine transferase |
No alanine transferase in cytosol Alanine transferase |
added |
(Liepman and Olsen, 2003) |
| Transport chloroplast |
no maltose transporter by MEX1 |
added |
(Linka and Weber, 2010) |
|
no glucose transporter by MEX1 and pGlcT MEX1 |
added |
|
|
no unidirectional transport of ATP, ADP, AMP by BT-like |
added |
|
|
no Mal/OAA, Mal/Pyr, and Mal/Glu exchange by DiTs |
added |
|
|
no folate transporter by FBT and FOLT1 |
added |
|
| Transport Mitochondria |
no Mal/OAA, Cit/iCit, Mal/KG exchange by DTC |
added |
(Linka and Weber, 2010) |
|
no H+ importer by UCPs import |
added |
|
|
no OAA/Pi exchange by DIC1-3 |
added |
|
|
no ATP/Pi exchange by APCs |
added |
|
|
no NAD/ADP and NAD/AMP exchange by NDT2 |
added |
|
|
no ThPP/ATP exchange by TPCs |
added |
|
|
no Asp/Glu by AGCs |
added |
|
|
no uncoupled Ala exchange |
added |
|
| Transport peroxisome |
missing NAD/NADH, NAD/ADP, NAD/AMP exchange by PXN |
added |
(Linka and Weber, 2010) |
|
no ATP/ADP and ATP/AMP exchange by PNCs |
added |
|
| H+ sinks/sources |
H+ sinks/source reaction for the cytosol and futile transport cycles introduced by H+ -coupled transport reactions |
H+ sinks/source reaction added for each compartment |
|
| ATPase stoichiometry |
False H+/ATP ratios for the plastidal and mitochondrial ATP synthase |
H+/ATP ratio set to 3 : 1 (chloroplast) and 4:1 (mitochondria) |
(Petersen et al., 2012; Turina et al., 2016) |
| Alanine/aspartate transferase |
no direct conversion of alanine and aspartate |
added to cytosol, chloroplast and mitochondria |
(Schultz and Coruzzi, 1995; Duff et al., 2012) |
