FIG. 19.
Viscoelastic focusing and sorting of particles. (a) Viscoelastic focusing creates a single equilibrium position along the central axis of a circular capillary. In square channels, there are (b) five focusing positions when flow is elasticity dominant and (c) a single position at the centerline when flow is elastoinertial. (d) Size-based sorting of particles using elasticity dominant flow in a device with a combination of circular and square cross sections.