Table 4. Least squares means of blood biochemical parameters for high (n = 32) and medium (n = 32) producing dairy cows receiving either calcium salts of fatty acids (Ca-FA) or high-palmitic acid (PA) during a heat stress period.

Item	High production		Medium production		SEM	p-value
	PA	Ca-FA	PA	Ca-FA		PL	FS	PL × FS
Metabolites (mg/dL)
Glucose	57.20	59.70	57.17	56.21	1.99	0.53	0.82	0.52
Triglyceride	16.16	11.67	12.40	11.64	1.09	0.08	0.05	0.08
Cholesterol	288.06	281.85	188.78	252.22	17.50	0.02	0.35	0.16
LDL	68.65	63.35	40.86	56.83	7.71	0.12	0.67	0.30
VLDL	2.84a	2.43b	2.39b	2.50ab	0.08	0.10	0.28	0.03
BUN	16.59	14.06	17.64	15.58	0.64	0.18	0.06	0.79
Enzymes (U/L)
Aspartate transferase	123.31	101.49	128.76	81.86	11.96	0.67	0.11	0.44
Alanine transferase	25.57	24.51	26.82	21.61	1.06	0.57	0.11	0.17
Plasma proteins (g/dL)
Total protein	8.73	8.76	8.42	8.79	0.14	0.48	0.42	0.38
Albumin	4.06	4.25	4.23	4.33	0.07	0.22	0.24	0.63
Globulin	4.66	4.50	4.19	4.45	0.18	0.33	0.87	0.41

PL, production level; FS, fat source; PL × FS, interaction between production level and fat source; LDL, low density lipoprotein; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein; BUN, blood urea nitrogen.

^a,bDifferent superscripts within a row indicate significant differences at p < 0.05.