Table 2.
Altered malalignment conditions in the transverse plane resulting in significantly altered loading conditions.
| Extreme | Significant from | Reference value | Significant from | Extreme | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transverse plane - alignment | Internal rotation | External rotation | ||||
| Knee adduction moment (Nm/kg) | First Peak | - | - | −0.28 ± 0.09 | - | - |
| Second Peak | −0.58 ± 0.08 | −0.24 ± 0.06 (3°) | −0.17 ± 0.06 | −0.09 ± 0.06 (3°) | 0.21 ± 0.07 | |
| Medial contact force (BW) | First Peak | - | - | 1.81 ± 0.26 | - | - |
| Second Peak | 2.63 ± 0.27 | 2.27 ± 0.27 (7°) | 1.94 ± 0.27 | 1.57 ± 0.28 (9°) | 1.31 ± 0.29 | |
| Lateral contact force (BW) | First Peak | - | - | 1.34 ± 0.3 | - | - |
| Second Peak | 0.65 ± 0.22 | 0.74 ± 0.24 (9°) | 1.02 ± 0.21 | 1.34 ± 0.22 (11°) | 1.51 ± 0.21 | |
| Medial contact pressure (BW*A2) | First Peak | - | - | 0.008 ± 0.001 | - | - |
| Second Peak | 0.011 ± 0.002 | 0.01 ± 0.002 (9°) | 0.008 ± 0.001 | 0.007 ± 0.001 (11°) | 0.006 ± 0.001 | |
| Lateral contact pressure (BW*A2) | First Peak | - | - | 0.008 ± 0.002 | - | - |
| Second Peak | - | - | 0.006 ± 0.001 | 0.008 ± 0.001 (9°) | 0.01 ± 0.002 | |
| ACL strain (%) | Peak strain | - | - | 5.59 ± 1.56 | - | - |
| PCL strain (%) | Peak strain | - | −4.91 ± 1.62 (7°) | −2.01 ± 2.08 | 1.12 ± 1.79 (7°) | 3.92 ± 1.53 |
| MCL strain (%) | Peak strain | 5.67 ± 1.83 | 4.09 ± 1.5 (9°) | 2.34 ± 1.13 | 4.52 ± 1.59 (15°) | 4.52 ± 1.59 |
| LCL strain (%) | Peak strain | 9.61 ± 2.02 | 6.37 ± 0.89 (9°) | 4.82 ± 1.03 | 8.29 ± 3.11 (11°) | 11.08 ± 3.88 |