Figure 3.

Cross-sectional associations between inflammatory biomarkers and odds of hearing impairment (panel A) objectively measured (1587 cases) and (panel B) self-reported (875 cases), the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, n=4470

Estimates are multivariate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI)

Model 1 includes age and sex

Model 2: Model 1 + smoking, physical activity, BMI, memory score, education, depression

Model 3: Model 2 + cardiovascular risk factors: diabetes, hypertension, HDL-cholesterol

Model 4: Model 3 + self-reported hearing