Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Dec 11;9:18900. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55468-1

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Cortical blood flow (CoBF) changes to graded hypercapnia and NMDA using laser-speckle contrast imaging and analysis. (a–c) Representative LSCI contrast images obtained through the closed cranial window (a–c) with the corresponding contrast scales. Lower contrast values represent higher flow velocity in the cortical microcirculation. (a) baseline condition; (b) NMDA (1 mM) showing pial arteriolar vasodilation and increased parenchymal flow as well. (c) biological zero after euthanasia characterized by high and stable speckle contrast values marking the disappearance of the perfusion. (d–g) Summarized recordings of individual experiments, colored/black lines represent the group mean values during/between stimuli, the gray area represent the SD. (d) in the control group graded hypercapnia resulted in concentration-dependent repeatable increases in CoBF relative to the baseline. (e) Both doses of NMDA reversibly elevated CoBF, however, the CoBF response to graded hypercapnia was virtually absent after NMDA. (f) Pre- and co-treatment of MK-801 with NMDA abolished the CoBF response to NMDA and prevented the attenuation of the CoBF response to graded hypercapnia. (g) AAAN did not affect the CoBF response to hypercapnia or NMDA, however, at least partially prevented the attenuation of the microvascular response to graded hypercapnia by NMDA.