Fig. 2.

Flagellin administration alters the intestinal microbiota towards a lower pro-inflammatory state. 4-week old C57BL/6 J Wild Type mice were purchased from The Jackson Laboratory and housed for two weeks before procedure in order to favor microbiota stabilization. Subsequently, flagellin (10 μg per mouse) was administered by intraperitoneal injections weekly for 9 weeks, whereas control mice received vehicle (PBS). Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed using Illumina sequencing of the V4 region of 16 S rRNA genes. a–b Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of the unweighted UniFrac distance matrix at a day −14 and b day 56 (post stabilization, post immunization). c LEfSe analysis was performed in order to investigate microbiota taxa that were significantly altered by immunization at day 56 (post stabilization, post immunization), with green and red colors highlighting taxa significantly more abundant in PBS- and flagellin-treated mice, respectively. d Percentage of IgA^±-coated bacteria in PBS- and FliC-treated mice, wherein the IgA⁻ and IgA⁺ gates were determined follows appropriate SSC-A/FSC-A gating of SytoBC⁺ cells in wild-type and μMT mice. e Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) of the unweighted UniFrac distance matrix of IgA-coated bacteria. f Alpha diversity rarefaction using the Chao1 index of IgA-coated bacteria. g Taxa summarization of IgA-coated bacteria. In a and b, categories were compared and statistical significance of clustering were determined via Permanova. Data are the means ±S.E.M. Significance was determined using t test (*p ≤ 0.05). (N=4–5 mice from one out of three representative experiment). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.