Table 2.

Evidence of adaptive divergence across 19 Swiss silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations using the Q_ST − F_ST test of Whitlock and Guillaume (2009) and the S-test of Ovaskainen et al. (2011)

Trait	QST − FST test				S-test	Evolvability
	QST	2.5%	97.5%	p-value	S	CVA
Height 2013	0.18	0.05	0.42	0.003	1.00	0.100
Height 2014	0.29	0.11	0.59	0.002	1.00	0.153
Diameter 2013	0.09	0.00	0.29	0.044	0.92	0.161
Diameter 2014	0.08	0.00	0.23	0.042	0.83	0.153
Terminal Bud Break 2013	0.15	0.01	0.64	0.054	0.94	0.021
Terminal Bud Break 2014	0.18	0.04	0.57	0.025	0.86	0.021
Lateral Bud Break 2013	0.12	0.02	0.35	0.020	0.96	0.020
Maximum Growth Rate 2013	0.06	−0.02	0.28	0.133	0.67	0.184
Growth Duration 2013	0.25	0.05	0.96	0.035	0.93	0.097
Growth Cessation 2013	0.23	−2.62	2.75	0.081	0.54	0.004

2.5%, 97.5% are the lower and upper 95% confidence intervals for Q_ST. The evolvability suggested by Houle (1992) was estimated using a linear mixed effects model (see Supplementary Methods S1 for details)