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. 2019 Dec 11;9:18805. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55074-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Simulated images of a shock-wave using the experimental parameters as input; (a) (Sim.Abs) shows only the absorption contribution, (b) (Sim. XPC + Abs) shows the XPC-effect in addition to the absorption contribution. The greys scales are different in the two images, the background (vacuum) has the same values in the two images. (c) Simulated profile along the object axis (blue and yellow line) superimposed to the experimental values (shots #14890, #14886). The scatter-point lines are calculated from a 10-pixel average along the object axis as indicated by the red box in Fig. 5. The black arrows (number 1–4) point toward features that are clearly visible in the experimental images and in the XPCI simulation but not in the absorption one.