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. 2019 Dec 11;9:18823. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-53620-5

Table 1.

Phenotypic values of grain filling rate and grain size traits in parents and DH population at different grain filling stages over two years.

Year Traita Stageb Huaai11 Huadamai6 STc DH lines
Mean Mean Range Mean Skew Kurt
2017 GFR I 0.18 ± 0.02 0.26 ± 0.01 0.000** 0.03–0.39 0.17 ± 0.01 0.44 −0.20
II 0.34 ± 0.04 0.56 ± 0.01 0.000** 0.08–0.76 0.33 ± 0.01 0.86 0.93
III 0.78 ± 0.03 1.41 ± 0.03 0.000** 0.32–2.21 0.85 ± 0.03 0.97 0.73
IV 1.18 ± 0.04 2.28 ± 0.07 0.000** 0.47–2.80 1.39 ± 0.05 0.72 −0.64
V 1.01 ± 0.04 1.92 ± 0.5 0.000** 0.55–2.55 1.18 ± 0.04 1.08 0.78
VI 0.53 ± 0.03 0.91 ± 0.04 0.000** 0.13–1.33 0.61 ± 0.02 0.39 0.12
VII 0.20 ± 0.01 0.32 ± 0.04 0.000** 0.02–0.73 0.25 ± 0.01 0.91 0.40
GFRmean 0.60 ± 0.04 1.09 ± 0.04 0.000** 0.36–1.16 0.69 ± 0.02 0.68 −0.43
GFRmax 1.21 ± 0.02 2.45 ± 0.05 0.000** 0.57–3.14 1.54 ± 0.06 0.76 −0.43
GA II 6.39 ± 0.08 7.53 ± 0.15 0.002** 3.69–10.00 6.43 ± 0.13 0.28 −0.48
III 8.72 ± 0.11 12.06 ± 0.18 0.000** 5.33–14.86 9.45 ± 0.17 0.50 −0.01
IV 11.39 ± 0.08 16.32 ± 0.25 0.000** 8.48–18.12 12.80 ± 0.23 0.52 −0.90
V 12.09 ± 0.12 20.12 ± 0.21 0.000** 10.11–22.65 15.28 ± 0.26 0.72 −0.24
VI 14.53 ± 0.15 22.26 ± 0.26 0.000** 11.89–25.61 17.08 ± 0.30 0.98 0.29
VII 14.64 ± 0.14 22.55 ± 0.18 0.000** 11.26–25.68 17.04 ± 0.30 0.90 0.17
GP II 12.13 ± 0.08 14.51 ± 0.11 0.000** 7.78–16.62 12.08 ± 0.15 −0.11 −0.42
III 14.22 ± 0.13 16.26 ± 0.11 0.000** 11.53–18.09 15.05 ± 0.13 0.05 −0.29
IV 14.82 ± 0.12 17.80 ± 0.18 0.000** 13.89–19.05 16.09 ± 0.12 0.42 −0.69
V 15.58 ± 0.16 19.78 ± 0.22 0.000** 14.22–20.25 16.93 ± 0.12 0.50 −0.45
VI 15.98 ± 0.20 20.93 ± 0.14 0.000** 15.41–21.64 17.72 ± 0.12 0.72 0.00
VII 16.14 ± 0.14 21.07 ± 0.15 0.000** 15.65–22.84 17.75 ± 0.14 0.93 0.85
GL II 4.92 ± 0.04 6.25 ± 0.06 0.000** 2.88–7.13 4.94 ± 0.07 −0.06 −0.18
III 6.00 ± 0.08 6.95 ± 0.05 0.000** 4.74–7.77 6.40 ± 0.06 −0.11 −0.12
IV 6.15 ± 0.08 7.41 ± 0.11 0.000** 5.72–8.18 6.82 ± 0.05 0.20 −0.62
V 6.32 ± 0.06 7.87 ± 0.08 0.000** 5.97–8.66 7.15 ± 0.05 0.39 −0.23
VI 6.41 ± 0.10 8.60 ± 0.08 0.000** 5.90–9.26 7.41 ± 0.06 0.30 −0.28
VII 6.27 ± 0.08 8.84 ± 0.11 0.000** 5.56–9.10 7.46 ± 0.07 0.00 −0.42
GW II 1.67 ± 0.02 1.49 ± 0.03 0.000** 1.34–2.15 1.65 ± 0.01 0.47 −0.29
III 1.88 ± 0.03 2.32 ± 0.03 0.000** 1.46–2.77 1.93 ± 0.02 1.07 1.09
IV 2.51 ± 0.03 2.94 ± 0.05 0.000** 1.87–3.46 2.54 ± 0.04 0.48 −0.90
V 2.73 ± 0.05 3.49 ± 0.05 0.000** 2.19–3.70 2.92 ± 0.04 0.34 −1.03
VI 3.13 ± 0.04 3.80 ± 0.04 0.000** 2.32–3.87 3.17 ± 0.03 0.33 −0.84
VII 3.13 ± 0.03 3.71 ± 0.03 0.000** 2.34–3.94 3.22 ± 0.03 0.29 −0.89
GD II 2.81 ± 0.02 3.07 ± 0.03 0.000** 2.13–3.55 2.80 ± 0.03 0.13 −0.56
III 3.30 ± 0.03 3.91 ± 0.05 0.000** 2.51–4.34 3.42 ± 0.03 0.20 −0.19
IV 3.79 ± 0.04 4.54 ± 0.04 0.000** 3.26–4.80 3.99 ± 0.04 0.43 −0.97
V 3.91 ± 0.04 4.92 ± 0.04 0.000** 3.58–5.34 4.32 ± 0.04 0.60 −0.59
VI 4.29 ± 0.03 5.24 ± 0.05 0.000** 3.63–5.64 4.52 ± 0.04 0.78 −0.10
VII 4.30 ± 0.04 5.37 ± 0.04 0.000** 3.69–5.68 4.56 ± 0.04 0.66 −0.33
2018 GFR I 0.20 ± 0.01 0.34 ± 0.02 0.000** 0.09–0.43 0.20 ± 0.01 0.67 0.12
II 0.39 ± 0.02 0.61 ± 0.02 0.000** 0.18–0.73 0.39 ± 0.01 0.79 0.47
III 0.88 ± 0.04 1.52 ± 0.05 0.000** 0.41–2.32 0.97 ± 0.03 1.06 1.03
IV 1.23 ± 0.04 2.36 ± 0.06 0.000** 0.70–2.68 1.50 ± 0.05 0.70 −0.62
V 0.93 ± 0.02 1.90 ± 0.03 0.000** 0.63–2.27 1.23 ± 0.03 0.90 0.22
VI 0.43 ± 0.02 0.87 ± 0.04 0.000** 0.14–1.17 0.62 ± 0.02 0.09 −0.05
VII 0.15 ± 0.01 0.30 ± 0.02 0.000** 0.02–0.62 0.25 ± 0.01 0.42 −0.02
GFRmean 0.60 ± 0.03 1.12 ± 0.03 0.000** 0.39–1.18 0.74 ± 0.02 0.57 −0.51
GFRmax 1.27 ± 0.03 2.51 ± 0.04 0.000** 0.72–3.22 1.61 ± 0.05 0.78 −0.39
GA II 7.23 ± 0.11 8.33 ± 0.11 0.000** 4.01–10.99 7.08 ± 0.12 0.20 −0.20
III 9.55 ± 0.16 13.25 ± 0.15 0.000** 5.93–15.99 10.25 ± 0.18 0.40 −0.20
IV 13.64 ± 0.21 18.64 ± 0.20 0.000** 8.94–20.35 13.70 ± 0.25 0.41 −0.83
V 15.67 ± 0.18 22.69 ± 0.26 0.000** 11.24–23.46 16.42 ± 0.29 0.53 −0.39
VI 17.59 ± 0.26 25.61 ± 0.30 0.000** 12.14–26.61 18.39 ± 0.32 0.61 −0.11
VII 17.16 ± 0.21 25.07 ± 0.22 0.000** 11.42–27.16 18.56 ± 0.35 0.54 −0.29
GP II 12.37 ± 0.15 14.94 ± 0.12 0.000** 8.03–17.32 12.50 ± 0.16 −0.14 −0.32
III 14.67 ± 0.14 16.21 ± 0.21 0.000** 11.61–18.95 15.63 ± 0.14 −0.09 −0.50
IV 15.84 ± 0.16 18.66 ± 0.16 0.000** 13.51–20.15 16.90 ± 0.15 −0.19 −0.98
V 16.33 ± 0.14 19.85 ± 0.22 0.000** 14.51–22.02 17.76 ± 0.16 −0.06 −0.86
VI 16.54 ± 0.18 21.69 ± 0.31 0.000** 15.07–23.54 18.66 ± 0.18 0.19 −0.69
VII 16.92 ± 0.16 22.68 ± 0.25 0.000** 15.06–23.45 18.68 ± 0.20 0.13 −1.04
GL II 5.26 ± 0.06 6.14 ± 0.05 0.000** 2.71–7.11 4.97 ± 0.08 −0.12 0.25
III 6.31 ± 0.06 7.11 ± 0.06 0.000** 4.53–8.14 6.42 ± 0.07 0.00 −0.49
IV 6.51 ± 0.08 7.60 ± 0.06 0.000** 5.81–8.61 6.93 ± 0.06 0.37 −0.56
V 6.64 ± 0.07 8.26 ± 0.11 0.000** 6.19–8.89 7.36 ± 0.07 0.11 −0.99
VI 6.79 ± 0.11 8.61 ± 0.08 0.000** 6.31–9.37 7.66 ± 0.08 0.03 −1.21
VII 6.76 ± 0.10 8.81 ± 0.11 0.000** 6.02–9.50 7.55 ± 0.09 0.05 −1.21
GW II 1.71 ± 0.02 1.53 ± 0.02 0.000** 1.34–2.13 1.77 ± 0.01 −0.23 0.73
III 1.94 ± 0.03 2.39 ± 0.03 0.000** 1.68–2.65 2.15 ± 0.02 0.41 0.06
IV 2.65 ± 0.03 3.15 ± 0.04 0.000** 2.07–3.41 2.74 ± 0.03 0.42 −0.69
V 3.15 ± 0.04 3.75 ± 0.04 0.000** 2.28–3.86 3.13 ± 0.03 0.37 −0.89
VI 3.21 ± 0.03 3.85 ± 0.04 0.000** 2.32–3.96 3.30 ± 0.03 0.11 −0.50
VII 3.31 ± 0.04 3.86 ± 0.04 0.000** 2.51–4.19 3.33 ± 0.03 0.25 −0.56
GD II 2.87 ± 0.02 3.21 ± 0.04 0.002** 2.20–3.91 2.97 ± 0.03 0.36 −0.08
III 3.42 ± 0.03 4.26 ± 0.04 0.000** 2.81–4.52 3.66 ± 0.03 −0.08 −0.16
IV 3.97 ± 0.03 4.87 ± 0.03 0.000** 3.36–5.05 4.23 ± 0.04 0.02 −0.97
V 4.21 ± 0.04 5.29 ± 0.05 0.000** 3.67–5.43 4.52 ± 0.04 0.34 −0.59
VI 4.40 ± 0.04 5.61 ± 0.06 0.000** 3.62–5.81 4.72 ± 0.04 0.31 −0.36
VII 4.51 ± 0.05 5.60 ± 0.04 0.000** 3.72–5.86 4.81 ± 0.05 0.27 −0.57

aGFR, grain filling rate; GFRmean, mean grain filling rate; GFRmax, maximum grain filling rate; GA, grain area; GP, grain perimeter; GL, grain length; GW, grain width; GD, grain diameter. bI, II, III, IV, V, VI and VII represent 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42 and 49 days after flowering, respectively. cST: Significant; **Significant at 0.01 level.