Table 1.

Pain, agitation/sedation, and delirium by mechanical ventilation status

Variables	Mechanically ventilated		Not mechanically ventilated
	n	%	n	%
Total patients	62	77.5	18	22.5
Pain Occurrence
Pain (NRS or CPOT > 0) in one or more assessments	36*	62	11	61
Significant pain (NRS > 3 or CPOT > 2) in one or more assessments	26*	45	10	56
Significant pain in half or more assessments	16*	28	9	50
Mean percentage of total pain score within acceptable pain score (NRS < 4 or CPOT < 3)	46*	79	9	50
Agitation Occurrence (RASS +1 to +4)
Agitation in one or more assessments	13	21	1	6
Agitation in half or more assessments	5	8	1	6±
Mean percentage of RASS score within agitation score	4	6	1	6
Deep Sedation (RASS −3 to −5)
Deep sedation in one or more assessments	37	60	0	0
Deep sedation in half or more assessments	21	34	0	0
Mean percentage of RASS score within deep sedation score	13	21	0	0
Recommended RASS (RASS 0 to −2)
Recommended RASS in one or more assessment	24	39	18	100
Recommended RASS in half or more times of the assessments	41	66	18	100±
Mean percentage of RASS score within recommended RASS score	45	73	17	94
Delirium
Developed delirium at least one time	24^	45	0	0
Had delirium in half of more times of assessments	17^	35	0	0

Legend: RASS, Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale;

^*from a sample of 58;

^{^}from a sample of 53;

^±same patient had only two assessments with RASS 0 and RASS +1