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. 2019 Dec 12;2019(12):CD001088. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001088.pub4

Comparison 7. Cognitive behavioural therapy + motivational interviewing versus standard care.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 Leaving the study early 1. Lost to treatment 8   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
1.1 By 3 months 3 318 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.20 [0.44, 3.30]
1.2 By 6 months 5 815 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [0.66, 1.22]
1.3 By 9‐10 months 3 211 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.80 [0.52, 1.22]
1.4 By 12 months 1 327 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.62, 1.59]
2 Leaving the study early: 2. Lost to evaluation 8   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
2.1 By 3 months 2 230 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.75 [0.46, 1.21]
2.2 By 6 months 5 469 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.80 [0.57, 1.12]
2.3 By 9 months 2 146 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.82 [0.46, 1.47]
2.4 By 12‐14 months 5 464 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [0.73, 1.34]
2.5 By 18 months 2 363 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.92 [0.61, 1.38]
2.6 By 24 months 1 327 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.76 [0.52, 1.11]
3 Adverse event: 1. Death ‐ by about 1 year 4 603 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.60 [0.20, 1.76]
4 Adverse event: 2. Death or hospitalisation by 24 months 1 326 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.15 [0.76, 1.74]
5 Substance use: 1. Average number of different drugs used during the past month (OTI, high = poor) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
5.1 By 3 months 1 119 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.37 [‐0.01, 0.75]
5.2 By 6 months 1 119 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.19 [‐0.22, 0.60]
6 Substance use: 2. Cannabis use last 30 days 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
6.1 3 months (end of treatment) 1 54 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.20 [‐2.54, 2.14]
6.2 12 months 1 42 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.30 [‐2.84, 2.24]
7 Substance use 3. Clinically important change ‐change in main substance use, abstinent or large decease 1 100 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.67 [0.43, 1.04]
7.1 From baseline to 3 months 1 100 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.67 [0.43, 1.04]
8 Substance use: 4. Averages of various measures (skewed data)     Other data No numeric data
8.1 Alcohol ‐ estimated daily consumption ‐ past month ‐ 3 months     Other data No numeric data
8.2 Alcohol ‐ estimated daily consumption ‐ past month ‐ 6 months     Other data No numeric data
8.3 Alcohol ‐ estimated daily consumption ‐ past month ‐ 12 months     Other data No numeric data
8.4 Alcohol ‐ frequency per month by 6 months     Other data No numeric data
8.5 Alcohol quantity per session ‐ 6 months     Other data No numeric data
8.6 Alcohol Assessment ‐ AUDIT ‐ 6 months     Other data No numeric data
8.7 General ‐ ASI score ‐ 6 months     Other data No numeric data
8.8 Drug abuse screening test ‐ DAST‐10 by 6 months     Other data No numeric data
8.9 Amphetamine‐ estimated daily consumption ‐ past month ‐ 6 months     Other data No numeric data
8.10 Amphetamine‐ estimated daily consumption ‐ past month ‐ 3 months     Other data No numeric data
8.11 Amphetamine‐ estimated daily consumption ‐ past month ‐ 12 months     Other data No numeric data
8.12 Cannabis‐ estimated daily consumption ‐ past month ‐ 3 months     Other data No numeric data
8.13 Cannabis‐ estimated daily consumption ‐ past month ‐ 6 months     Other data No numeric data
8.14 Cannabis‐ estimated daily consumption ‐ past month ‐ 12 months     Other data No numeric data
8.16 cannabis ‐ days of use last month by 6 months     Other data No numeric data
8.17 Cannabis ‐ days of use last month by 10‐12 months     Other data No numeric data
8.18 Cannabis ‐ joints last 30 days by 6 months     Other data No numeric data
8.19 Cannabis ‐ joints last 30 days by 10 months     Other data No numeric data
8.20 Proportion of days abstinence from all substances last 90 days by 6 months     Other data No numeric data
8.21 Proportion of days abstinence from all substances last 90 days by 12 months     Other data No numeric data
8.22 Proportion of days abstinence from all substances last 90 days by 18 months     Other data No numeric data
8.23 Proportion of days abstinence from all substances last 90 days by 24 months     Other data No numeric data
9 Substance use: 5. Average change in % days abstinent during & after treatment     Other data No numeric data
10 Mental state: 1. Average score (PANSS, total, high = poor) 4   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
10.1 By 6 months 2 78 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.99 [‐5.91, 7.89]
10.2 By 9‐10 months 2 92 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐5.01 [‐11.25, 1.22]
10.3 By 12 months 1 274 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 2.52 [‐0.68, 5.72]
10.4 By 24 months 1 247 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 2.71 [‐0.58, 6.00]
11 Mental state: 2. Average score (PANSS positive symptoms, high = poor) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
11.1 By 12 months 1 274 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.03 [‐1.18, 1.24]
11.2 By 24 months 1 247 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.52 [‐0.80, 1.84]
12 Mental state: 3. Average score (PANSS negative symptoms, high = poor) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
12.1 by 12 months 1 274 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.39 [‐0.65, 1.43]
12.2 by 24 months 1 247 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.16 [‐0.84, 1.16]
13 Mental state: 4. Average score (various scales, high = poor)) (skewed data)     Other data No numeric data
13.1 Depressive symptoms ‐ 3 months (BDI‐11)     Other data No numeric data
13.2 Depressive symptoms ‐ 6 months (BDI‐11)     Other data No numeric data
13.3 Depressive symptoms ‐ 12 months (BDI‐11)     Other data No numeric data
13.4 Depressive symptoms ‐ 3 months Calgary Depression Scale     Other data No numeric data
13.5 Depressive symptoms ‐ 12 months Calgary Depression Scale     Other data No numeric data
13.6 General symptoms total score ‐ 6 months (BPRS)     Other data No numeric data
13.7 General symptoms total score ‐ 12 months (BPRS)     Other data No numeric data
13.8 General symptoms total score ‐ 3 months (BPRS)     Other data No numeric data
13.9 General symptoms ‐ 18 months (PANSS)     Other data No numeric data
13.10 Total score ‐ 3 months (PANSS)     Other data No numeric data
13.11 Total score ‐ 6 months (PANSS)     Other data No numeric data
13.12 Total score ‐ 12 months (PANSS)     Other data No numeric data
13.13 Total score ‐ 18 months (PANSS)     Other data No numeric data
13.14 Manic symptoms ‐ 3 months (BPRS)     Other data No numeric data
13.15 Manic symptoms ‐ 6 months (BPRS)     Other data No numeric data
13.16 Manic symptoms ‐ 12 months (BPRS)     Other data No numeric data
13.17 Negative symptoms ‐ 3 months (BPRS)     Other data No numeric data
13.18 Negative symptoms ‐ 6 months (BPRS)     Other data No numeric data
13.19 Negative symptoms ‐ 12 months (BPRS)     Other data No numeric data
13.20 Negative symptoms ‐ 6 months (PANSS)     Other data No numeric data
13.21 Negative symptoms ‐ 9‐10 months (PANSS)     Other data No numeric data
13.22 Negative symptoms ‐ 12 months (PANSS)     Other data No numeric data
13.23 Negative symptoms ‐ 18 months (PANSS)     Other data No numeric data
13.24 Negative symptoms ‐ 3 months (SANS)     Other data No numeric data
13.25 Negative symptoms ‐ 12 months (SANS)     Other data No numeric data
13.26 Positive symptoms ‐ 6 months (PANSS)     Other data No numeric data
13.27 Positive symptoms ‐ 9‐10 months (PANSS)     Other data No numeric data
13.28 Positive symptoms ‐ 12 months (PANSS)     Other data No numeric data
13.29 Positive symptoms ‐ 18 months (PANSS)     Other data No numeric data
13.30 Positive symptoms ‐ 3 months (SAPS)     Other data No numeric data
13.31 Positive symptoms ‐ 12 months (SAPS)     Other data No numeric data
14 Global state: 1. Average score (GAF, low = poor) 6   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
14.1 3 months 3 277 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.17 [‐2.79, 2.46]
14.2 6 months 2 219 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.65 [‐2.46, 5.76]
14.3 12 months 4 445 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.24 [‐1.86, 4.34]
14.4 18 months 2 72 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 4.57 [‐3.07, 12.21]
14.5 24 months 1 234 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.21 [‐2.93, 2.51]
15 Global state: 2. Forensic measures ‐ arrests reported ‐ by 6 months 1 110 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.49 [0.22, 1.10]
16 Social functioning: 1. Average score (SFS, low = poor) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
16.1 By end of 9 month treatment 1 32 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 5.01 [‐0.55, 10.57]
16.2 By 12 months (3 months following treatment end) 1 32 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 7.27 [0.86, 13.68]
17 Quality of life/ life satisfaction: 1. Average score (BQOL (general life satisfaction, low = poor) ‐ by 6 months 1 110 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.58 [0.00, 1.16]
18 Quality of life/ life satisfaction: 2. Average score (BQOL (overall quality of life, low = poor) ‐ by 6 months 1 110 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.02 [‐0.61, 0.57]
19 Quality of life/ life satisfaction: 3. Average score (WHOQOL, Bref, higher scores = better QoL) ‐ by 6 months 1 16 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐15.70 [‐36.19, 4.79]
20 Quality of life/ life satisfaction: 4. Average score (MANSA, higher scores = better QoL) 1   Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
20.1 By 6 months 1 64 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.70 [‐7.01, 1.61]
20.2 By 10 months 1 61 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.90 [‐3.73, 5.53]
21 Quality of life/ life satisfaction: 5. Average score (CSQ ‐ client satisfaction, high = good) ‐ by 10 months 1 62 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 6.40 [3.87, 8.93]
22 Service use: 1. Relapse (hospitalised) 2   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
22.1 By end of 9 month treatment phase 2 107 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.58 [0.29, 1.16]
22.2 By 3 months after treatment finished ‐ 12 months 1 36 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.50 [0.24, 1.04]
22.3 By 9 months after treatment finished ‐ 18 months 2 105 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.61 [0.34, 1.10]
23 Economic outcomes: 1. Direct cost in US$ (BQOL, money subscale) (skewed data)     Other data No numeric data
23.1 6 months     Other data No numeric data