Swanson 1999.

Methods	Allocation: randomised. Design: single‐centre (two inner city hospitals). Duration: not stated; time to first appointment after discharge. Setting: hospital. Location: New York, NY, USA.
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia, psychosis, or schizo‐affective disorder (45% of sample have substance abuse problems).* N = 93. Age: mean ˜ 34 years. Sex: 60 M, 33 F. Ethnicity: 46% African‐American, 45% Hispanic. Inclusion criteria: voluntary inpatients with no organic brain disease or other serious medical illness, learning disability or deafness.
Interventions	1. Psychosocial intervention: routine care plus 15 minute motivational interview at start of hospitalisation. Another one hour motivational interview 1 or 2 days before discharge. N = 48. 2. Standard care: routine care. N = 45.
Outcomes	Leaving the study early: lost to evaluation. Service use: attendance at first aftercare appointment following hospital discharge.
Notes	Not ITT analysis. *Data given only for those with substance abuse problems.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Randomised (using random number table).
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Therapist consulted a random number table to determine group assignment. May have influenced section bias.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Clinician‐/participant‐mediated and participants and personnel not blinded. It is not possible to blind a psychosocial intervention.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not clear if raters independent or blind to allocation. Primary outcome measure was time to next appointment.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Lost to follow‐up: 0%, (0/93) 3 months.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement of 'yes' or 'no' as no protocol was available.
Other bias	Low risk	No evidence other bias occurring.