Table 3.
The impacts of nocturia and poor sleep quality on health-related quality of life
| Nocturia | Sleep disturbance | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Nocturia < 2) | (Nocturia ≥2) | Cohen’s d Effect size | No (PSQI global score ≤ 5) |
Yes (PSQI global score > 5) |
Cohen’s d Effect size | |
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | |||
| SF-12 v2 * | ||||||
| Physical Functioning | 87.39 (20.80) | 79.22 (27.09) ** | 0.34 | 90.31 (19.65) | 81.27 (24.67) ** | 0.41 |
| Role Physical | 79.80 (21.70) | 74.76 (25.46) * | 0.21 | 84.85 (19.62) | 73.88 (24.07) ** | 0.50 |
| Bodily Pain | 66.98 (27.20) | 63.62 (29.28) | 0.12 | 74.24 (26.11) | 60.51 (27.70) ** | 0.51 |
| General Health | 54.25 (26.43) | 38.68 (25.38) ** | 0.60 | 57.36 (25.84) | 44.02 (26.58) ** | 0.51 |
| Vitality | 59.04 (23.69) | 51.76 (24.61) ** | 0.30 | 66.41 (22.43) | 50.42 (23.23) ** | 0.70 |
| Social Functioning | 81.29 (22.43) | 75.96 (26.77) * | 0.22 | 88.38 (17.20) | 73.83 (26.00) ** | 0.66 |
| Role Emotional | 79.54 (20.91) | 75.00 (25.36) | 0.20 | 87.56 (17.11) | 71.92 (23.40) ** | 0.76 |
| Mental Health | 69.95 (17.79) | 66.27 (22.02) | 0.18 | 76.26 (16.42) | 63.91 (19.44) ** | 0.69 |
| Physical Component Summary | 48.81 (8.19) | 45.48 (9.24) ** | 0.38 | 49.83 (7.20) | 46.38 (9.27) ** | 0.42 |
| Mental Component Summary | 50.81 (9.48) | 48.99 (11.15) | 0.18 | 54.63 (8.02) | 47.29 (10.21) ** | 0.80 |
^: independent t-test, p-value < 0.05
^^: independent t-test, p-value < 0.01
*: higher scores indicating better health-related quality of life
Abbreviation: PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, SF-12 v2 the 12-Item Short Form Health Survey version 2, SD standard deviation