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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Behav Processes. 2019 Sep 20;169:103952. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2019.103952

Figure 9.

Figure 9.

Representation of instrumental behavior as a partially hidden Markov model (PHMM). The PHMM adds to the HMM shown in Figure 6B the modulation of transition probability c by the observation of a lever press, and the output probability q (disengaged lever presses).