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. 2019 Dec 12;14(12):e0226293. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226293

Table 3. Bivariable analysis of variables with CD-4 T-cells count progression over time, among HIV infected patients on ART from April, 2015 to January, 2019 in Tigray region, Northern Ethiopia (n = 19525).

Variables Category Crude IRR (95% CI) P-value
CD4 baseline 1.000784 (1.0007, 1.0008) 0.000
Gender Female 1 (Ref.)
Male 0.79 (0.78, 0.81) 0.000
Pregnant mothers (n = 12866) No 1 (Ref.)
Yes 1.07 (0.97, 1.19) 0.194
Lactating mothers (n = 12866) No 1 (Ref.)
Yes 1.08 (1.01, 1.16) 0.022
Age category 15–19 1 (Ref.)
20–24 0.88 (0.82, 0.95) 0.001
25–29 0.82 (0.77, 0.87) 0.000
30–34 0.81 (0.77, 0.87) 0.000
35–39 0.76 (0.72, 0.81) 0.000
40–44 0.72 (0.68, 0.76) 0.000
45–49 0.70 (0.66, 0.74) 0.000
50+ 0.69 (0.65, 0.73) 0.000
Facility ownership Government 1 (Ref.)
Non-governmental organization 1.02 (0.98, 1.06) 0.432
Private 1.21 (0.94, 1.56) 0.131
Facility type Clinic 1 (Ref.)
Health center 0.82 (0.72, 0.94) 0.003
Primary hospital 0.84 (0.73, 0.96) 0.01
General hospital 0.91 (0.80, 1.04) 0.165
Referral Hospital 0.79 (0.69, 0.91) 0.001
Other 1.01 (0.87, 1.17) 0.881
A service provided at military health care facility No 1 (Ref.)
Yes 0.92 (0.88, 0.95) 0.000
WHO Stage I 1 (Ref.)
II 0.86 (0.82, 0.91) 0.000
III 0.78 (0.73, 0.83) 0.000
IV 0.98 (0.93, 1.03) 0.423
Adherence Poor 1 (Ref.)
Fair 1.07 (0.97, 1.17) 0.186
Good 1.32 (1.22, 1.43) 0.000
Virological test reason Routine first VL (6 Months or more on ART) 1 (Ref.)
Routine annual VL test 1.02 (1.001, 1.04) 0.041
Suspected ART failure clinical 0.64 (0.51, 0.80) 0.000
Suspected ART failure immunological 0.46 (0.37, 0.56) 0.000
Suspected ART failure initial VL 0.67 (0.65, 0.70) 0.000
Not indicated in the form 0.93 (0.87, 0.998) 0.042
Regimen 1c (AZT-3TC-NVP) 1 (Ref.)
1d (AZT-3TC-EFV) 0.97 (0.94, 0.999) 0.047
1e (TDF-3TC-EFV) 0.97 (0.95, 0.98) 0.000
1f (TDF + 3TC+ NVP) 0.98 (0.96, 1.01) 0.261
1g (ABC + 3TC + EFV) 0.96 (0.70, 1.31) 0.778
1h (ABC + 3TC NVP) 0.69 (0.44, 1.09) 0.114
2a (ABC-ddl-LPV/R), 2c (TDF-ddl-LPV/R), 2d(TDF-ddl-NFV)& 2g (TDF-3TC-LPV/r) 0.68 (0.43, 1.08) 0.101
2f (AZT-3TC-ATV/r) 0.59 (0.50, 0.71) 0.000
2h (TDF-3TC-ATV/r) 0.65 (0.57, 0.74) 0.000
Treatment line First line 1 (Ref.)
Second line 0.65 (0.0.59, 0.72) 0.000
Viral load suppression No 1 (Ref.)
Yes 1.40 (1.36, 1.43) 0.000