Table 1.
Baseline participant characteristics.
| Male | Female | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| T1D (n = 60) | Control (n = 28) | T1D (n = 65) | Control (n = 52) | |
| Age (years)* | 15.6 | 14.4 | 15.9 | 14.8 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | 6.8 | N/A | 6.9 | N/A |
| Tanner stages (N, %) | ||||
| II | 3 (5) | 4 (14) | 1 (2) | 0 (0) |
| III | 7 (13) | 5 (18) | 4 (6) | 2 (4) |
| IV | 19 (35) | 13 (46) | 10 (15) | 6 (12) |
| V | 26 (47) | 6 (21) | 50 (77) | 44 (85) |
| BMI (kg/m2)* | 23.60 | 25.50 | 23.94 | 27.26 |
| Ethnicity* (N, %) | ||||
| White | 47 (78) | 16 (57) | 60 (92) | 24 (46) |
| Hispanic | 6 (10) | 10 (36) | 3 (5) | 15 (29) |
| Other | 7 (12) | 2 (7) | 2 (3) | 13 (25) |
| HbA1c (%)* | 8.56 | 5.13 | 8.61 | 5.25 |
| C-peptide (ng/mL)* | 0.14 | 2.14 | 0.13 | 2.48 |
| Estradiol (pg/mL)* | - | - | 85.5 | 57.28 |
| Testosterone (nmol/L)* | 448.23 | 320.12 | - | - |
| Fat mass (kg)* | 18.25 | 22.81 | 21.15 | 27.22 |
| Lean mass (kg) | 50.52 | 49.42 | 41.28 | 41.47 |
*
p < 0.05 T1D; type 1 diabetes, BMI; body mass index.