Table 4.
Univariable and multivariable logistic regression of the patients with postoperative bleeding and controls using survey data
| Characteristics | Cases N = 173 (%) |
Controls N = 173 (%) |
Univariable analysis OR (95% CI) |
Multivariable analysis OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body mass index | ||||
| Normal (18.5–24.9) | 49 (28) | 52 (30) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Overweight (≥ 25) | 58 (33) | 62 (36) | 0.99 (0.58–1.68) | 2.70 (0.39–18.4) |
| Underweight (≤ 18.4) | 4 (2) | 2 (1) | 2.12 (0.37–12.1) | 0.93 (0.53–1.61) |
| Missing | 62 (36) | 57 (33) | 1.15 (0.67–1.96) | 0.93 (0.48–1.80) |
| Patients’ medications | ||||
| Anti-coagulants/anti-platelets | ||||
| No | 123 (71) | 123 (71) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 28 (16) | 29 (17) | 0.96 (0.54–1.71) | 0.95 (0.48–1.86) |
| Missing | 22 (13) | 21 (12) | 1.04 (0.54–2.00) | na |
| NSAID | ||||
| No | 143 (83) | 149 (86) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 7 (4) | 4 (2) | 1.82 (0.52–6.36) | 2.46 (0.60–10.1) |
| Missing | 23 (13) | 20 (12) | 1.19 (0.63–2.27) | na |
| SSRI | ||||
| No | 148 (86) | 148 (86) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2 (1) | 4 (2) | 0.50 (0.09–2.77) | 0.47 (0.08–2.73) |
| Missing | 23 (13) | 21 (12) | 1.09 (0.58–2.06) | na |
| Cytostatic | ||||
| No | 149 (86) | 150 (87) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 0 | 2 (1) | na | |
| Missing | 24 (14) | 21 (12) | 1.15 (0.61–2.15) | |
| Patients’ co-morbidities | ||||
| Bleeding disorder | ||||
| No | 156 (90) | 149 (86) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 2 (1) | 0 | na | |
| Missing | 15 (9) | 24 (14) | 0.59 (0.30–1.18) | |
| Kidney failure | ||||
| No | 155 (90) | 158 (91) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1 (0.5) | 4 (2) | 0.25 (0.02–2.30) | 0.19 (0.01–2.09) |
| Missing | 17 (10) | 11 (7) | 1.5 (0.71–1.22) | 1.76 (0.06–47.12) |
| Liver dysfunction | ||||
| No | 155 (89.5) | 162 (94) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 1 (0.5) | 0 | na | |
| Missing | 17 (10) | 11 (6) | 1.61 (0.73–3.55) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||||
| No | 142 (82) | 150 (87) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 14 (8) | 12 (7) | 1.23 (0.55–2.75) | 1.17 (0.44–3.10) |
| Missing | 17 (10) | 11 (6) | 1.63 (0.74–3.60) | 1.66 (0.07–42.27) |
| Patients’ smoking habits | ||||
| None-smoker | 66 (38) | 72 (42) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Smoker | 19 (11) | 18 (10) | 1.15 (0.55–2.38) | 1.16 (0.54–2.49) |
| X-smoker | 14 (8) | 14 (8) | 1.09 (0.48–2.45) | 1.06 (0.45–2.51) |
| Missing | 74 (42) | 69 (40) | 1.16 (0.73–1.86) | 1.06 (0.59–1.90) |
| Laboratory examination (*) | ||||
| Elevated PK-INR | 7 (4) | 1 (0.5) | 9.56 (1.13–80.74) | |
| Missing | 124 (72) | 116 (67) | 1.46 (0.90–2.34) | |
| Elevated APTT | 3 (2) | 2 (26) | 1.87 (0.29–11.83) | |
| Missing | 134 (77) | 126 (73) | 1.32 (0.80–2.19) | |
| Thrombocytopenia | 5 (3) | 5 (3) | 1.07 (0.30–3.82) | 0.84 (0.20–3.37) |
| Missing | 72 (42) | 65 (38) | 1.18 (0.77–1.83) | 1.01 (0.61–1.67) |
| Hemostatic technique | ||||
| Ligature | 116 (67) | 113 (65) | 1.00 | |
| Electric instrument | 31 (18) | 34 (20) | 0.88 (0.51–1.54) | 0.90 (0.50–1.61) |
| Ligature and electric instrument | 11 (6) | 14 (8) | 0.76 (0.33–1.75) | 0.66 (0.26–1.66) |
| Missing | 15 (9) | 12 (7) | 1.21 (0.54–2.71) | 0.35 (0.05–2.37) |
| Drain | ||||
| No | 74 (43) | 96 (56) | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 80 (46) | 63 (36) | 1.64 (1.05–2.57) | 1.71 (1.07–2.74) |
| Missing | 19 (11) | 14 (8) | 1.76 (0.82–3.74) | 1.90 (0.49–7.38) |
*A value within the reference zone is the reference for logistic regression