Fig. 1. Scaling rates and change in peak point temperature of 99th percentile storm runoff extremes with local temperature.

a Scaling rate results published in ref. ². b Change of peak point temperature from 1961–1990 to 1991–2017. c–h Scaling curve of example station in different regions. Green scatters in c–h are 99th percentile extremes in temperature bins, and red curves are the fitted hook structures using a LOWESS method; vertical red dashed line indicates the peak point temperature, and blue (or orange) lines and p-value is obtained by our method (or method in ref. ¹⁵). The shading shows the temperature range used in ref. ¹⁵. The Clausius–Clapeyron (C–C) scaling is shown in light grey dashed lines, and 2CC in light grey solid lines.