Fig. 6.

Proposed evolutionary scenario for the establishment and evolution of co-obligate symbionts of E. haradaeae-associated Cinara. Cladogram displaying the relationships of sequenced E. haradaeae-associated Cinara lineages. Coloured lines in the dendogram are used to represent the persistence of a symbiont in the aphid lineage. Incoming lines on branches symbolise the acquisition of co-obligate secondary symbionts. Lines joining two symbiotic lineages symbolise HGT events. At the leaves, cartoons of selected aphids form the different groups of genera are shown. Genera and silhouettes of of plant taxa are placed along the branches according to the most likely history of acquisitions inferred from previous studies