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. 2019 Dec 12;9:18988. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-55426-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Panel a: Schematic representation of the wound healing activity in airway epithelium by LPS-mediated activation of EGFR to simulate an infection condition. Activation of EGFR leads to IL-8 and MMP-9 production (likely through MAPK signaling pathway) which are involved in the wound healing process. MMP-9 would also contribute to cleave EGFR-proligands, thus leading to transactivation of EGFR. Panel b: The same representation showing the plausible mechanism of enhanced wound healing process after Esc peptides treatment. By disrupting LPS aggregates into smaller size particles, Esc peptides would allow LPS monomers to activate EGFR, via LPS-TLR4-mediated pathway. In addition, peptides treatment provokes an increased expression of IL-8 and MMP-9.