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. 2019 Oct 17;14(1):288–301. doi: 10.1038/s41396-019-0523-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Estimates of the stoichiometries of substrate demand (yield y⁻¹) and excreted products relative to synthesis of biomass B for the metabolic functional types (three aerobic in shades of blue, and four anaerobic in shades of red): aerobic heterotrophy (B_HetO), ammonia oxidation (B_AOO), nitrite oxidation (B_NOO), dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium (B_HetDNRA), nitrate-reducing heterotrophy ( $B_{H e t N O_{3}}$ ), denitrifying heterotrophy ( $B_{H e t N O_{2}}$ ), and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox; B_anx). Currency for generic organic matter substrate OM and biomass B is moles of N