Fig. 1. Condensin distributions in senescent (OIS) and growing cells.

a Distributions of condensin II subunit (CAP-H2 and CAP-H2-FLAG), SMC1 cohesin subunit, CTCF, and RNA polymerase II (Pol II) binding in OIS and growing IMR90 cells. Distributions of euchromatic histone H3K27ac and H3K4me3 marks and p53 were previously reported^47,68,69. Positions of genes and enhancers are annotated on top. Enhancers are defined by H3K27ac peaks (Supplementary Notes). b Distributions of CAP-H2, SMC1, CTCF, and Pol II binding sites at the indicated genetic elements, in OIS cells. Numbers of total binding sites are shown at top. For the control, 20,000 loci were randomly selected from the entire genome and classified into the same categories. c Correlation between relative transcription levels (in OIS compared to growing cells) and CAP-H2 ChIP-seq enrichment. Expression ratios between OIS and growing cells (Y-axis) were plotted against average expression levels for respective genes (X-axis). Expression levels of genes were estimated based on RNA-seq data. Dot colors reflect ChIP-seq enrichment scores of CAP-H2-FLAG (top) and CAP-H2 (bottom) at respective genes. d Average ChIP-seq enrichment of the indicated proteins at Pol II-transcribed genes. Genes were classified into 10 groups based on their transcription levels in OIS cells. Each group contains 2,888 genes. Average binding patterns of the indicated proteins were plotted for the respective gene groups. Gene sizes from transcriptional initiation to termination sites were normalized to the same length for all the genes investigated. e Gene ontology (GO) analysis of CAP-H2 binding genes. CAP-H2 binding genes were cross-referenced with the genes controlled by key regulators. Significant regulators were defined by P < 10⁻⁵ (Fisher exact test) and more than 20 CAP-H2 binding genes. f GO analysis for CAP-H2 binding genes to identify which genes involved in specific biological processes are preferentially bound by CAP-H2. Asterisks indicate groups that are significantly enriched with senescence upregulated genes (Fisher exact test). g, h Average enrichment of the indicated proteins and enhancer mark H3K27ac at super (g) and typical (h) enhancers in OIS cells. Potential super and typical enhancers are defined as described in Supplementary Notes. There were 1540 super and 39,531 typical enhancers predicted in OIS cells.