Table 1.
Anthropometric parameters and demographic characteristics by bottom and upper tertiles of skeletal muscle mass index.
| Characteristics | Total | Skeletal Muscle Mass Index | P | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bottom tertile | Middle tertile | Upper tertile | |||||||
| n | 275 | 90 | 93 | 92 | |||||
| Age, yearsa | 47.1 | 6.0 | 46.4 | 5.3 | 47.2 | 6.2 | 48.0 | 6.3 | 0.473 |
| Weight, kg | 65.2 | 59.0; 74.0 | 58.0 | 54.0; 60.0 | 65.0 | 62.0; 68.7 | 79.7 | 71.0; 93.4 | <0.001 |
| Height, ma | 160.0 | 5.3 | 161.7† | 5.7 | 160.2 | 4.7 | 160.0† | 5.2 | 0.038 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 25.6 | 22.8; 28.8 | 22.0 | 20.7; 23.0 | 25.6 | 24.6; 26.4 | 31.3 | 28.7; 35.1 | <0.001 |
| WC, cm | 81.0 | 73.0; 90.0 | 71.0 | 68.0; 75.0 | 81.0 | 74.0; 85.0 | 95.3 | 87.0; 102.0 | <0.001 |
| WtHR | 0.5 | 0.5; 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4; 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5; 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.6; 0.6 | <0.001 |
| MUAC, cm | 20.9 | 18.2; 23.0 | 19.0† | 17.0; 21.3 | 21.0 | 19.9; 22.8 | 22.5† | 19.6; 26.0 | <0.001 |
| FM, kg | 21.4 | 17.8; 26.2 | 16.4 | 14.7; 19.4 | 21.1 | 18.5; 22.9 | 29.2 | 24.6; 34.8 | <0.001 |
| %FM, % | 32.7 | 29.1; 36.3 | 28.9 | 26.7; 33.2 | 31.5 | 29.3; 34.3 | 36.5 | 33.3; 38.8 | <0.001 |
| ASM, kg | 20.8 | 19.1; 22.5 | 18.8 | 17.8; 19.7 | 20.8 | 19.5; 21.3 | 24.0 | 21.9; 27.3 | <0.001 |
| Menopause | |||||||||
| yes | 55 | 20.0 | 13 | 13.8 | 19 | 20.4 | 23 | 25.0 | 0.156 |
| no | 220 | 80.0 | 81 | 86.2 | 74 | 79.6 | 69 | 75.0 | |
| Economic status | |||||||||
| low | 7 | 2.6 | 1 | 1.1 | 3 | 3.3 | 3 | 3.3 | 0.003 |
| medium | 129 | 46.9 | 30 | 33.3 | 56 | 60.2 | 43 | 46.7 | |
| high | 139 | 50.5 | 59 | 65.6 | 34 | 36.7 | 46 | 50.0 | |
| Place of residence (thousand citizens) | |||||||||
| village | 84 | 30.5 | 29 | 32.2 | 24 | 25.8 | 31 | 33.7 | 0.068 |
| <50 | 57 | 20.7 | 13 | 14.4 | 30 | 32.3 | 14 | 15.2 | |
| 50–100 | 29 | 10.5 | 11 | 12.2 | 9 | 9.7 | 9 | 9.8 | |
| >100 | 105 | 38.2 | 37 | 41.1 | 30 | 32.3 | 38 | 41.3 | |
| Education level | |||||||||
| primary/vocational | 59 | 21.5 | 13 | 14.4 | 23 | 24.7 | 23 | 25.0 | 0.002 |
| high/technical | 111 | 40.4 | 30 | 33.3 | 34 | 36.6 | 47 | 51.1 | |
| higher education | 105 | 38.2 | 47 | 52.2 | 36 | 38.7 | 22 | 23.9 | |
Note: Values are presented as presented median and interquartile (IQR) or number (%) unless other indicated aValues presented as mean and standard deviation (SD). BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference. WtHR, waist-to-height ratio; MUAC, mid-upper-arm muscle circumference; FM, total body fat mass; %FM, percentage of total body fat mass; ASM, Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass. P was obtained using Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn’s post-hoc test or ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test for continuous variables and chi-square or Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables. †Differences between bottom and upper tertile mean.